HCN to HCO^+ Millimeter Line Diagnostics of AGN Molecular Torus I : Radiative Transfer Modeling

We explore millimeter line diagnostics of an obscuring molecular torus modeled by a hydrodynamic simulation with three-dimensional nonLTE radiative transfer calculations. Based on the results of high-resolution hydrodynamic simulation of the molecular torus around an AGN, we calculate intensities of HCN and HCO^{+} rotational lines as two representative high density tracers. The three-dimensional radiative transfer calculations shed light on a complicated excitation state in the inhomogeneous torus, even though a spatially uniform chemical structure is assumed. Our results suggest that HCN must be much more abundant than HCO^{+} in order to obtain a high ratio ($R_{HCN/HCO+}\sim 2$) observed in some of the nearby galaxies. There is a remarkable dispersion in the relation between integrated intensity and column density, indicative of possible shortcomings of HCN(1-0) and HCO^{+}(1-0) lines as high density tracers. The internal structures of the inhomogeneous molecular torus down to subparsec scale in external galaxies will be revealed by the forthcoming Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). The three-dimensional radiative transfer calculations of molecular lines with high-resolution hydrodynamic simulation prove to be a powerful tool to provide a physical basis for molecular line diagnostics of the central regions of external galaxies.Comment: 29 pages, 13 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ, For high resolution figures see http://alma.mtk.nao.ac.jp/~masako/MS72533v2.pd

Usnic Acid. XVI. Alkaline Degradation of Dihydrousnic Acid

金沢大学大学院自然科学研究科分子作用学金沢大学薬学部The structure of a new alkaline degration product of 1-dihydrousnic acid was elucidated as 5-acety-1,2,3,3a,7,7a-hexahydro-2,6-dihydroxy-1,2,3a-trimethyl-4-oxo-4H-inden-3,3-dicarboxylic acid (I) by chemical and spectral studies, together with X-ray analysis. The mechanism of formation of I from 1-dihydrousnic acid is discussed

獣医学分野における形態学教育の充実

本事業は獣医学部における形態学教育に必要な設備機器を充実させ，さらには実習において使用する標本整備及び実習方法を充実することによって，優れた獣医師及び高い技術を有する学生を育成することを目的としている。具体的には学生用顕微鏡管理・整備委員会が主体となって，①顕微鏡が設置されている全ての実習室に，デジタルカメラを装備したディスカッション顕微鏡を整備し，顕微鏡映像を液晶プロジェクターを介してスクリーンへ投影できるようにする，②全ての顕微鏡実習で双眼顕微鏡を使用できるようにする，③多様なニーズに対応できる顕微鏡の設置，④実習に使用する顕微鏡標本の充実，を4 カ年計画で行う。平成20 年度は，デジタルカメラ装備の2 人ディスカッション顕微鏡及び培養倒立型顕微鏡（実習室に設置されている液晶プロジェクターに連結し，画像をスクリーンに投影可能）を実習室1 に設置した。また（34 台）を整備した。さらに，実体顕微鏡実の購入，及び実習標本および実習方法の充実を実施した

Sphingosine 1-Phosphate (S1P) in the Peritoneal Fluid Skews M2 Macrophage and Contributes to the Development of Endometriosis

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), an inflammatory mediator, is abundantly contained in red blood cells and platelets. We hypothesized that the S1P concentration in the peritoneal cavity would increase especially during the menstrual phase due to the reflux of menstrual blood, and investigated the S1P concentration in the human peritoneal fluid (PF) from 14 non-endometriosis and 19 endometriosis patients. Although the relatively small number of samples requires caution in interpreting the results, S1P concentration in the PF during the menstrual phase was predominantly increased compared to the non-menstrual phase, regardless of the presence or absence of endometriosis. During the non-menstrual phase, patients with endometriosis showed a significant increase in S1P concentration compared to controls. In vitro experiments using human intra-peritoneal macrophages (MΦ) showed that S1P stimulation biased them toward an M2MΦ-dominant condition and increased the expression of IL-6 and COX-2. An in vivo study showed that administration of S1P increased the size of the endometriotic-like lesion in a mouse model of endometriosis

The whole blood transcriptional regulation landscape in 465 COVID-19 infected samples from Japan COVID-19 Task Force

「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」COVID-19患者由来の血液細胞における遺伝子発現の網羅的解析 --重症度に応じた遺伝子発現の変化には、ヒトゲノム配列の個人差が影響する--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-23.Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a recently-emerged infectious disease that has caused millions of deaths, where comprehensive understanding of disease mechanisms is still unestablished. In particular, studies of gene expression dynamics and regulation landscape in COVID-19 infected individuals are limited. Here, we report on a thorough analysis of whole blood RNA-seq data from 465 genotyped samples from the Japan COVID-19 Task Force, including 359 severe and 106 non-severe COVID-19 cases. We discover 1169 putative causal expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) including 34 possible colocalizations with biobank fine-mapping results of hematopoietic traits in a Japanese population, 1549 putative causal splice QTLs (sQTLs; e.g. two independent sQTLs at TOR1AIP1), as well as biologically interpretable trans-eQTL examples (e.g., REST and STING1), all fine-mapped at single variant resolution. We perform differential gene expression analysis to elucidate 198 genes with increased expression in severe COVID-19 cases and enriched for innate immune-related functions. Finally, we evaluate the limited but non-zero effect of COVID-19 phenotype on eQTL discovery, and highlight the presence of COVID-19 severity-interaction eQTLs (ieQTLs; e.g., CLEC4C and MYBL2). Our study provides a comprehensive catalog of whole blood regulatory variants in Japanese, as well as a reference for transcriptional landscapes in response to COVID-19 infection