Review of A.E. Grant, 'Roman military objectives in Britain under the Flavian Emperors'

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The role of women in fish processing: handling and marketing in Kainji Lake basin

The study assessed the contribution of women in fish handling, processing and marketing in Kainji Lake basin. Structured questionnaires were administered to three fishing villages selected at random. The fishing villages were Monai, Yuna, Fakun, and New Bussa market. The study revealed that women play vital roles in fisheries activities as producers, assistants to men preservers, traders and financiers. The notable fishing activity performed by women is processing right from the moment the boats or canoes land at sites. Women assist in emptying nets, sorting gutting and cleaning the catch. In most cases their activities involved salting smoking and drying using traditional processing techniques. Women are also involved in storage and marketing of both fresh and smoked fish. In spite of these important contribution, most women in the various fishing communities are illiterates, have little or no say in decision making in areas that affects their livelihood and are regarded as inferior fedex. Culture and religion also has significant impact on their contribution in fishing activitie

Oceanographic observations for the Mazatlan Project: October 1966 - August 1967

ENGLISH: To learn more about the early life of yellowfin tuna in their immediate environment, the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission initiated a 2-year cooperative investigation with the Direccion General de Pesca e Industrias Conexas (DGP) of Mexico in August 1966. The project called for monthly cruises of about 5 days duration to be made in a triangular track between Mazatlan, Cape San Lucas and the Tres Marias Islands. Laboratory space for the field work was provided by the DGP in their biological station in Mazatlan and the research vessel Yolanda, property of the DGP, was made available for the monthly cruises. SPANISH: Con el fin de obtener un conocimiento mas avanzado sobre la vida temprana de estos atunes aleta amarilla, y del ambiente que los rodea, 1a Comision Interamericana del Atun Tropical inicio una investigacion colaborativa de 2 anos con la Direccion General de Pesca e Industrias Conexas (DGP) de Mexico, en agosto de 1966. El proyecto requirio cruceros mensuales de unos 5 dias de duracion para que fueran realizados en un rumbo triangular entre Mazatlan, Cabo San Lucas y las Islas Tres Marias. La Direccion General de Pesca ofrecio amab1emente las facilidades del laboratorio para el trabajo experimental en la estacion biologica de Mazatlan, y e1 barco de investigacion Yolanda para los cruceros mensuales. (PDF contains 256 pages.

The role of fishermen cooperative societies in the development of fisheries resources on Kainji Lake basin, Nigeria

Field survey was conducted to evaluate the role of fishermen cooperative in the development of fisheries resources in Kainji Lake. The study was conducted with aid of questionnaires administered in five fishing villages namely Monnai, Yuna, Kaya, Malale and Tunga Danbaba. Ten questionnaires were administered in each fishing village majority of the fishermen interviewed are between the ages of 20-40 years. The results of the educational background revealed that 60% of the respondents were knowledgeable only on Quranic education. Majority of the respondents (86%) was members of fishermen cooperative societies. Only 32% of the respondents indicated to have benefited for loan and credit facilities. Sixty-nine (69) percent of fishermen realized income of between N1, 000-N2, and 000 daily. The major problem facing fishermen cooperative includes lack of capital, lack of access to loan and credit facilities, shortage of adequately trained and well-motivated fisheries extension workers, inadequate fishing inputs and high charge of fishing license fees by Kainji Lake fisheries Management and Conservation Unit (KLFMCU). Recommendation was made on how to improve fishermen cooperative for the development of the lake fisheries resource

Energy for sustainable rural development

Rural energy in developing countries is discussed with a view to sustainable development. The project-oriented approach in rural energy which has often dominated in the past, is contrasted with an overall strategy for sustainable rural energy demand and supply. An outline for a demand-oriented policy is formulated, indicating the role of the government in energy pricing and market development. Special attention is given to electricity as the fastest-growing energy subsector. It is concluded that major changes are required to accommodate and institutionalize the planning of decentralized energy supply

Management economics in a large UK retailer

We study the link between middle-management ability and shop labour productivity using data from 245 shops of a UK nationwide retailer. The company scores six broad areas of management practice, the most important of which turns out to be "commercial awareness", where able managers achieve 17% higher labour productivity in their shops compared to less able ones. We further show that the managers’ incentive pay scheme, required to encourage them to exert their ability in full, is implicitly an insurance one, with managers taking a share in deviations of actual sales from expected. At the same time, abler managers do not receive higher pay all else equal, which implies that middle management ability is not fully tradeable.

Cooperative management of artisanal fisheries: implementation of democratic principles in fisheries management around Lake Kainji

Kainji Lake, the first man-made lake in Nigeria is one of the most researched water bodies in Africa. Earlier studies indicated that there was no systematic management of the lake fisheries involving the participation of the fishers in the decision-making processes before 1993. In 1993, the Nigeria-German Kainji Lake Fisheries Promotion Project (KLFPP) started the introduction of a bottom-up approach in the management of the fishery resources through a random selection of some fishers representatives for the decision making body of the project. The paper traces the democratization process of the management approach to the lake fisheries culminating in the systematic selection, appointment, training and assignment of responsibilities to twenty-four Wakilis covering the 316 fishing communities around Lake Kainj

The Establishment of Employer Based Car Sharing Schemes in West Yorkshire.

This paper describes the initial findings of an SSRC sponsored project to establish and monitor organised car sharing schemes in West Yorkshire. It follows from an earlier project funded by the TRRL, which aimed to predict the likely outcome of such schemes using micro-simulation methods. The removal of most of the legal obstacles to car sharing in November 1978 made it possible to establish and monitor the effectiveness of actual schemes and to check upon the validity of the earlier models. With the help of West Yorkshire County Council, three major employers were approached and agreed to co-operate. Following initial surveys aimed at describing existing commuting patterns, all employees were circulated with application forms affording them the opportunity to give lifts to, receive lifts from, or to pool cars with fellow- commuters. Compatible applicants were matched by manual means and informed of prospective partners. At all three sites, discounts on automotive products were offered as an inducement to carsharers and at one, free reserved car parking spaces were also made available. Applications to join the schemes were received from less than 7% of the workforces and less than 2% of the workforces actually became carsharers as a result of the scheme. About two thirds of the arrangements involved simple lift giving, with the same person driving at all times and receiving payments from passengers to cover costs. The remainder were carpools in which people took turns to drive. There appears to be evidence that this form of arrangement is adopted primarily to release the car for use at home rather than to save costs. The net effect of the scheme is an insignificant (<0.5%) reduction in work journey car mileage and a somewhat larger, though still marginal abstraction of public transport patronage. These findings broadly correspond to those of the earlier microsimulation models. Though detailed deviations occur, the experiments bear out the model's predictions that the effects of this type of carsharing scheme are likely to be extremely modest and the communitx benefits are unlikely to justify the costs of administration unless the impacts can be magnified or localised. The experience gained in running these experiments may prove useful to others contemplating the establishment of schemes elsewhere