Organization for Forecasting and Planning: Experience in the Soviet Union and the United States

This book, prepared by a joint Soviet-American editorial board, is an effort by planning and management experts from both countries to describe their views of current planning and forecasting theory, practice, and problems. The authors analyze the patterns of development of planning and forecasting systems in each country and identify needs for and lines of further development. They identify planning and forecasting problems and practices common to both countries, and areas where joint research between the two countries might lead to greater effectiveness in the planning practices of each

AN INTERORCANIZATIONAL PERSPECTIVE ON LOCAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

Using an open-systems model, this article discusses performance in civil defense agencies as a function of crucial environmental variables. These, in turn, are conceptualized in predicting uncertainty and dependency. Such analysis helps managers and scholars pinpoint the constraints on goal achievement. Case studies illustrate the uncertainties and dependencies induced. The model and examples, in turn, facilitate discussion of conditions affecting organizational effectiveness. Copyright 1985 by The Policy Studies Organization.

Determining the function of zebrafish epithalamic asymmetry

As in many fishes, amphibians and reptiles, the epithalamus of the zebrafish, Danio rerio, develops with pronounced left–right (L–R) asymmetry. For example, in more than 95 per cent of zebrafish larvae, the parapineal, an accessory to the pineal organ, forms on the left side of the brain and the adjacent left habenular nucleus is larger than the right. Disruption of Nodal signalling affects this bias, producing equal numbers of larvae with the parapineal on the left or the right side and corresponding habenular reversals. Pre-selection of live larvae using fluorescent transgenic reporters provides a useful substrate for studying the effects of neuroanatomical asymmetry on behaviour. Previous studies had suggested that epithalamic directionality is correlated with lateralized behaviours such as L–R eye preference. We find that the randomization of epithalamic asymmetry, through perturbation of the nodal-related gene southpaw, does not alter a variety of motor behaviours, including responses to lateralized stimuli. However, we discovered significant deficits in swimming initiation and in the total distance navigated by larvae with parapineal reversals. We discuss these findings with respect to previous studies and recent work linking the habenular region with control of the motivation/reward pathway of the vertebrate brain

Analysis of autoionization resonances in the Hg 6s2-photoionization by measurements of photoelectron polarization

Schäfers F, Schönhense G, Heinzmann U. Analysis of autoionization resonances in the Hg 6s2-photoionization by measurements of photoelectron polarization. Zeitschrift für Physik A: Hadrons and Nuclei. 1982;304(1):41-48.Measurements of the spin polarization of photoelectrons in the autoionization region of the Hg 6s2-subshell using circularly polarized synchrotron radiation and using unpolarized light from rare gas discharge lamps are reported. The results obtained show a pronounced structure across the resonances. Together with data of the cross section and its angular distribution these data from a complete parameter set for the determination of the transition matrix elements and the phase difference of the continuum wavefunctions. Evidences for strong configuration interaction and channel mixing between the open and closed channels were found. The matrix elements and their ratio vary strongly across the resonances and the relative phase shows some changes of sign. A change of the relative phase by Pi across an autoionization resonance, predicted by Fano, has been verified experimentally for the triplet resonance. We would like to express our gratitude to Professors W. Paul, G. Nöldeke and J. Kessler for their continued interest and encouragement. We thank Dr. D. Husmann, Dr. J. Hormes and B. Osterheld for their assistance in performing the experiment in Bonn. We are grateful to Dr. N.A. Cherepkov for helpful discussions and acknowledge support by the DFG and BMFT

Experimental characterization of the Xe 5p photoionization by angle- and spin-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy

Heckenkamp C, Schäfers F, Schönhense G, Heinzmann U. Experimental characterization of the Xe 5p photoionization by angle- and spin-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. Zeitschrift für Physik D: Atoms, Molecules and Clusters. 1986;2(4):257-274.Spin- and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy with elliptically polarized radiation has been used to fully characterize the dynamics of photoelectron emission from free Xe atoms in the 5p-autoionization and continuum region. An advantageous reaction geometry and its experimental realization at the storage ring BESSY are discussed. The three independent experimental parameters which characterize the angular dependence of the photoelectron spin-polarization vector are reported for the wavelength range from 100nm to 40 nm. The results are compared with theoretical predictions based on RRPA-, RPAE- and semiempirical MQDT-calculations. The combination of existing data for the differential photoionization cross section with the spinpolarization parameters is used to completely decouple the photoionization channels: The transition matrix elements and their relative phases are determined separately for every single dissociation channel. The results are discussed in the context of the MQDT. Correlation effects and the influence of spin-orbit interaction on the continuum states most clearly show up when the Dill-Fano angular-momentum-transfer formalism is applied