The alternative profit on shariah-compliant by using compounding theory

Islamic banking and conventional banking has same aim in the financial activity which is to gain profit. Profit of Islamic finance/banking in Malaysia is based on the profit rate, while for conventional banking based on interest rate. However, both profit rate and interest rate are determined based on the same reference rate, namely base rate (BR). The determination of the components contained in the BR such as benchmark cost of funds and the statutory reserve requirement (SRR) found that there is non-compliance with the Shariah perspective because this components directly proportional to the overnight policy rate (OPR). Therefore, an alternative formula for the profit rate was built which is known as the base profit rate (BPR). Form BPR model, determination of the profit based on compounding theory. Thus, construction of BPR formula is based on the principles that are much more Shariah compliant

Learning with Mobiles in Developing Countries: Technology, Language, and Literacy

In the countries of the global South, the challenges of fixed infrastructure and environment, the apparent universality of mobile hardware, software and network technologies and the rhetoric of the global knowledge economy have slowed or impoverished the development of appropriate theoretical discourses to underpin learning with mobiles. This paper addresses one specific and fundamental component of such discourses, namely the role of language and literacy as they interact with mobile technology. The paper makes three points, that mobile technology is culturally and linguistically specific, not universal or culturally-neutral; that mobile technology does not merely store and transmit language(s) and literacy within communities, it disturbs and transforms them, and that the digital literacy agenda that might underpin learning with mobiles has not yet been developed in relation to mobile technology or in relation to the global South. These are the foundations of understanding learning with mobiles in the global South