711 research outputs found
Influence of the Coulomb Interaction on the Chemical Equilibrium of Nuclear Systems at Break-Up
The importance of a Coulomb correction to the formalism proposed by Albergo
et al. for determining the temperatures of nuclear systems at break-up and the
ensities of free nucleon gases is discussed. While the proposed correction has
no effect on the temperatures extracted based on double isotope ratios, it
becomes non-negligible when such temperatures or densities of free nucleon
gases are extracted based on multiplicities of heavier fragments of different
atomic numbers
Liquid-Gas Coexistence and Critical Behavior in Boxed Pseudo-Fermi Matter
A schematic model is presented that allows one to study the behavior of
interacting pseudo-Fermi matter locked in a thermostatic box. As a function of
the box volume and temperature, the matter is seen to show all of the familiar
charactersitics of a Van der Waals gas, which include the coexistence of two
phases under certain circumstances and the presence of a critical point
Ab initio Quantum and ab initio Molecular Dynamics of the Dissociative Adsorption of Hydrogen on Pd(100)
The dissociative adsorption of hydrogen on Pd(100) has been studied by ab
initio quantum dynamics and ab initio molecular dynamics calculations. Treating
all hydrogen degrees of freedom as dynamical coordinates implies a high
dimensionality and requires statistical averages over thousands of
trajectories. An efficient and accurate treatment of such extensive statistics
is achieved in two steps: In a first step we evaluate the ab initio potential
energy surface (PES) and determine an analytical representation. Then, in an
independent second step dynamical calculations are performed on the analytical
representation of the PES. Thus the dissociation dynamics is investigated
without any crucial assumption except for the Born-Oppenheimer approximation
which is anyhow employed when density-functional theory calculations are
performed. The ab initio molecular dynamics is compared to detailed quantum
dynamical calculations on exactly the same ab initio PES. The occurence of
quantum oscillations in the sticking probability as a function of kinetic
energy is addressed. They turn out to be very sensitive to the symmetry of the
initial conditions. At low kinetic energies sticking is dominated by the
steering effect which is illustrated using classical trajectories. The steering
effects depends on the kinetic energy, but not on the mass of the molecules.
Zero-point effects lead to strong differences between quantum and classical
calculations of the sticking probability. The dependence of the sticking
probability on the angle of incidence is analysed; it is found to be in good
agreement with experimental data. The results show that the determination of
the potential energy surface combined with high-dimensional dynamical
calculations, in which all relevant degrees of freedon are taken into account,
leads to a detailed understanding of the dissociation dynamics of hydrogen at a
transition metal surface.Comment: 15 pages, 9 figures, subm. to Phys. Rev.
The Role of Surface Entropy in Statistical Emission of Massive Fragments from Equilibrated Nuclear Systems
Statistical fragment emission from excited nuclear systems is studied within
the framework of a schematic Fermi-gas model combined with Weisskopf's detailed
balance approach. The formalism considers thermal expansion of finite nuclear
systems and pays special attention to the role of the diffuse surface region in
the decay of hot equilibrated systems. It is found that with increasing
excitation energy, effects of surface entropy lead to a systematic and
significant reduction of effective emission barriers for fragments and,
eventually, to the vanishing of these barriers. The formalism provides a
natural explanation for the occurrence of negative nuclear heat capacities
reported in the literature. It also accounts for the observed linearity of
pseudo-Arrhenius plots of the logarithm of the fragment emission probability
{\it versus} the inverse square-root of the excitation energy, but does not
predict true Arrhenius behavior of these emission probabilities
Noncommutative waves have infinite propagation speed
We prove the existence of global solutions to the Cauchy problem for
noncommutative nonlinear wave equations in arbitrary even spatial dimensions
where the noncommutativity is only in the spatial directions. We find that for
existence there are no conditions on the degree of the nonlinearity provided
the potential is positive. We furthermore prove that nonlinear noncommutative
waves have infinite propagation speed, i.e., if the initial conditions at time
0 have a compact support then for any positive time the support of the solution
can be arbitrarily large.Comment: 15 pages, references adde
THE HIGGS-YUKAWA MODEL IN CURVED SPACETIME
The Higgs-Yukawa model in curved spacetime (renormalizable in the usual
sense) is considered near the critical point, employing the --expansion
and renormalization group techniques. By making use of the equivalence of this
model with the standard NJL model, the effective potential in the linear
curvature approach is calculated and the dynamically generated fermionic mass
is found. A numerical study of chiral symmetry breaking by curvature effects is
presented.Comment: LaTeX, 9 pages, 1 uu-figur
Twisted Sector Yukawa Couplings For The Orbifolds
The moduli dependent Yukawa couplings between twisted sectors of Coxeter orbifolds are studied.Comment: 40 pages, SUSX-TH-92/1
Self Consistent Expansion In The Presence Of Electroweak Interactions
In the conventional approach to the expansion, electroweak
interactions are switched off and large QCD is treated in isolation. We
study the self-consistency of taking the large limit in the presence of
electroweak interaction. If the electroweak coupling constants are held
constant, the large counting rules are violated by processes involving
internal photon or weak boson lines. Anomaly cancellations, however, fix the
ratio of electric charges of different fermions. This allows a self-consistent
way to scale down the electronic charge in the large limit and hence
restoring the validity of the large counting rules.Comment: 9 pages in REVTeX, no figure
Mass Parameterizations and Predictions of Isotopic Observables
We discuss the accuracy of mass models for extrapolating to very asymmetric
nuclei and the impact of such extrapolations on the predictions of isotopic
observables in multifragmentation. We obtain improved mass predictions by
incorporating measured masses and extrapolating to unmeasured masses with a
mass formula that includes surface symmetry and Coulomb terms. We find that
using accurate masses has a significant impact on the predicted isotopic
observables.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure
Statistical Interpretation of Joint Multiplicity Distributions of Neutrons and Charged Particles
Experimental joint multiplicity distributions of neutrons and charged
particles emitted in complex nuclear reactions provide an important test of
theoretical models. The method is applied to test three different theoretical
models of nuclear multi-fragmentation, two of which fail the test. The
measurement of neutrons is decisive in distinguishing between the Berlin and
Copenhagen models of nuclear multi-fragmentation and challenges the
interpretation of pseudo- Arrhenius plots. Statistical-model evaporation
calculations with GEMINI give a good reproduction first and second moments of
the experimental multiplicity correlations.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures Added GEMINI calculations of multiplicity
correlations Added brief discussion of how neutron emission is treated in
MMM
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