Densification and preservation of ceramic nanocrystalline character by spark plasma sintering

Spark plasma sintering is a hot pressing technique where rapid heating by dc electric pulses is used simultaneously with applied pressure. Thus, spark plasma sintering is highly suitable for rapid densification of ceramic nanoparticles and preservation of the final nanostructure. A considerable portion of the shrinkage during densification of the green compact of nanoparticles in the first and intermediate stages of sintering occurs during heating by particle rearrangement by sliding and rotation. Further densification to the final stage of sintering takes place by either plastic yield or diffusional processes. Full densification in the final stage of sintering is associated with diffusional processes only. Nanoparticle sliding and rotation during heating may also lead to grain coalescence, with much faster kinetics than normal grain growth at higher temperatures. Based on existing models for particle rearrangement and sliding, the contributions of these processes in conjunction with nanoparticle properties and process parameters were highlighted

"geschichtlich durch und durch"? Considerations on music pedagogical relevance of a cultural studies perspective on the \u27musical material\u27

Angeregt durch den musikpädagogisch rege rezipierten ‚material turn‘ der Kultursoziologie wird in diesem Beitrag nach der Relevanz des ‚musikalischen Materials‘ für musikpädagogisches Nachdenken und Handeln gefragt. Zur Beantwortung wird zunächst exemplarisch das Verständnis des Materialbegriffs in musikbezogenen und musikalischen Zusammenhängen entfaltet. Dann wird ein Anschluss an aktuelle kultursoziologische Einsichten hergestellt. In einem weiteren Schritt werden Perspektiven für einschlägige Bildung entfaltet, die abschließend in Anregungen für einen produktions- und rezeptionsdidaktisch ausgerichteten Musikunterricht münden. (DIPF/Orig.)Inspired by the ‘material turn’ in cultural sociology, which has been received by music pedagogues, this article asks about the relevance of ‘musical material’ for music pedagogical reflection and action. To answer this question, an understanding of the concept of material in exemplary music-related and musical contexts will first be developed. Then a connection to current socio-cultural insights will be established. In a further step, perspectives for relevant education are unfolded, which finally lead to suggestions for music lessons oriented towards production and reception didactics. (DIPF/Orig.

"…das Wörtlein: und": Reflections in the exploration and development of the relationship between music education and cultural studies

Apart from the fundamental difference between music education and cultural studies – the latter describing characteristics of cultural practice, the former in search of prospects for facilitating interaction with music – the disciplinary borders blur because of several overlaps: Whereas the subject matter of cultural studies comes from other academic fields, it is necessary for music education to deal with cultural aspects. Based on a transdisciplinary conception of music and culture, both grounded in theories of meaning and interaction, the author establishes an integral topic which accentuates their interconnectedness without neglecting their differences. (DIPF/Orig.

"Das ist neu … das ist geil?". Social aspects in concepts of music education regarding "Neue Musik"

This essay examines how former concepts of music education focused on social aspects regarding “Neue Musik”. For that purpose, an understanding of “Neue Musik” is described with reference to Émile Durkheim’s concept of a “social fact.” On this basis, suggestions are offered on how social aspects in concepts of music education can be systematically approached. As a conclusion, we draft a perspective for music teaching, which accentuates the importance of invention, composition and improvisation of music to develop an appreciation of both music and social values. (DIPF/Orig.