Manganese in diagnostics: A preformulatory study

This investigation aims to find out lipid-based nanosystems as a tool to deliver manganese for diagnostic purpose in multimodal imaging techniques. Particularly, the study describes the production and characterization of aqueous dispersions of anionic liposomes, as delivery systems for two model manganese-based compounds, namely manganese chloride and manganese acetylacetonate. Negatively charged liposomes were obtained using four different anionic surfactants, namely sodium docusate (SD), N-lauroylsarcosine (NLS), Protelan AG8 (PAG) and sodium lauroyl lactylate (SLL). Liposomes were produced by direct hydration method followed by extrusion and characterized in terms of size, polydispersity, surface charge and stability over time. After extrusion, liposomes are homogeneous and monodispersed with an average diameter not exceeding 200 nm and a negative surface charge as confirmed by ζ potential measurement. Moreover, as indicated by atomic absorption spectroscopy analyses, the loading of manganese-based compounds was almost quantitative. Liposomes containing NLS or SLL were the most stable over time and the presence of manganese-based compounds did not affect their size distribution. Liposomes containing PAG and SD were instable and therefore discarded. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the selected anionic liposomes was evaluated by MTT assay on human keratinocyte. The obtained results highlighted that the toxicity of the formulations is dose-dependent

Overview and Introduction

Americans are no strangers to crime. As a country we are privy to stories of criminal acts on a daily, even hourly, basis through our constant connection to information via television, radio, print, and the Internet. In recent decades the ability to gain real-time information about local, state, and national crime has further revealed the alarming reality of crime in this country. Our daily lives are seemingly enmeshed with violence in today’s media, and questions arise how this perpetual exposure impacts our society. In 1950, only 10% of American households owned a television, but today televisions are present in 99% of homes. Television programs display over 800 violent acts in a single hour (Beresin, 2009). According to a 2014 Gallup Poll, 70% of Americans believed crime had gone up in the past year (Gallup, 2015), inconsistent with federal crime reports.https://nsuworks.nova.edu/cps_facbooks/1579/thumbnail.jp

Acetylcholine-like and Trimethylglycine-like PTA (1,3,5-Triaza-7-phosphaadamantane) Derivatives for the Development of Innovative Ru- and Pt-Based Therapeutic Agents

The PTA N-alkyl derivatives (PTAC2H4OCOMe)X (1X:1a, X = Br; 1b,X=I; 1c, X=PF6; 1d, X = BPh4), (PTACH2COOEt)X (2X: 2a, X = Br; 2b, X = Cl; 2c,X=PF6), and (PTACH2CH2COOEt)X (3X: 3a, X = Br; 3c, X=PF6), presenting all the functional groups of the natural cationic compounds acetylcholine or trimethylglycine combined with a P-donor site suitable for metal ion coordination, were prepared and characterized by NMR, ESI-MS, and elemental analysis. The X-ray crystal structures of 1d and 2c were determined. Ligands 1c, 2b, and 3c were coordinated to Pt(II) and Ru(II) to give the cationic complexes cis-[PtCl2(L)2]X2 and [RuCpCl(PPh3)(L)]X (L=1, 2, 3,X=Cl or PF6) designed with a structure targeted for anticancer activity. The X-ray crystal structure of [CpRu(PPh3)PTAC2H4OCOMe)Cl]PF6 (1c Ru) was deter-mined. The antiproliferative activity of the ligands and the complexes was evaluated on three human cancer cell lines