Surface Electromyography of Eyes Potential Behaviour using Wavelet Transform Analysis

The previous study of eyes potential behavior was carried out using Fourier Transform which is found to be working on a single scale. Then, Wavelet Transform was proposed to overcome the limitation. Hence, the objective of this paper is to identify the surface electromyography of eye movement potentials behavior by using Wavelet Transform scalogram analysis. The eye movement signals are detected by using electrodes that are placed on a person’s forehead around the eye. It then recorded the signal using the data acquisition Electroencephalograph Neurofax-9200. The eye moved towards various directions involving 15 humans were identified. The Wavelet scalogram analyzed the eye movement signals by comparing the energy distribution with the change of time and frequency of each signal. The results proved that different surface electromyography of eye movement signals created different signals energy with their corresponding scales. Analysis of variance statistically proved that there was a 99% significance difference between each scale indicating that each eye movement has different frequency bands and energy distribution. These findings could be integrated to design a support machine for paralyzed people to move their robot or wheelchair by using eye movements. Future works should explore the energy and frequency bands distribution within four eye movement signals for better interpretation of surface Electromyography signals analysis by using Wavelet scalogram

Optimization of an Autonomous Mobile Robot Path Planning Based on Improved Genetic Algorithms

Mobile robots are intended to operate in a variety of environments, and they need to be able to navigate and travel around obstacles, such as objects and barriers. In order to guarantee that the robot will not come into contact with any obstacles or other objects during its movement, algorithms for path planning have been demonstrated. The basic goal while constructing a route is to find the fastest and smoothest route between the starting point and the destination. This article describes route planning using the improvised genetic algorithm with the Bezier Curve (GA-BZ). This study carried out two main experiments, each using a 20x20 random grid map model with varying percentages of obstacles (5%, 15%, and 30% in the first experiment, and 25% and 50% in the second). In the initial experiments, the population (PN), generation (GN), and mutation rate (MR) of genetic algorithms (GA) will be altered to the following values: (PN = 100, 125, 150, or 200; GN = 100, 125, 150; and MR = 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7) respectively. The goal is to evaluate the effectiveness of AMR in terms of travel distance (m), total time (s), and total cost (RM) in comparison to traditional GA and GA-BZ. The second experiment examined robot performance utilising GA, GA-BZ, Simulated Annealing (SA), A-Star (A*), and Dijkstra's Algorithms (DA) for path distance (m), time travel (s), and fare trip (RM). The simulation results are analysed, compared, and explained. In conclusion, the project is summarised

A Comprehensive Overview of Classical and Modern Route Planning Algorithms for Self-Driving Mobile Robots

Mobile robots are increasingly being applied in a variety of sectors, including agricultural, firefighting, and search and rescue operations. Robotics and autonomous technology research and development have played a major role in making this possible. Before a robot can reliably and effectively navigate a space without human aid, there are still several challenges to be addressed. When planning a path to its destination, the robot should be able to gather information from its surroundings and take the appropriate actions to avoid colliding with obstacles along the way. The following review analyses and compares 200 articles from two databases, Scopus and IEEE Xplore, and selects 60 articles as references from those articles. This evaluation focuses mostly on the accuracy of the different path-planning algorithms. Common collision-free path planning methodologies are examined in this paper, including classical or traditional and modern intelligence techniques, as well as both global and local approaches, in static and dynamic environments. Classical or traditional methods, such as Roadmaps (Visibility Graph and Voronoi Diagram), Potential Fields, and Cell Decomposition, and modern methodologies such as heuristic-based (Dijkstra Method, A* Algorithms, and D* Algorithms), metaheuristics algorithms (such as PSO, Bat Algorithm, ACO, and Genetic Algorithm), and neural systems such as fuzzy neural networks or fuzzy logic (FL) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are described in this report. In this study, we outline the ideas, benefits, and downsides of modeling and path-searching technologies for a mobile robot

Development of Building Heat Detection System: An Improvement Study

ABSTRACT- The increment of the numbers for accidents due to building safety system errors has created a serious disaster over the year. Due to that reason, this paper presents the entitled Building Heat Detection System (BHD System) by the objectives to develop the proper circuit in order to secure the detection device during the building fire attack. A BHD system, also known as fire protection system consists of heat sensing and monitoring system. The sensors detect extreme heat in an area or zone; the control unit processes the signals and sets off evacuation alarms to alert building occupants. This study focused on the design and fabrication of the system prototype to demonstrate the operation of a BHD system in case of fire accidents. Hose reel indicator is included to display the exact location in a building to aid in firefighting. On top of that, exit indicators were added to show the available exits should fire breaks out in a building. This study is hoped to help the system engineers to improve and secure their building safety system in the future

Internet of Things Applications in Precision Agriculture: A Review

The goal of this paper is to review the implementation of an Internet of Things (IoT)-based system in the precision agriculture sector. Each year, farmers suffer enormous losses as a result of insect infestations and a lack of equipment to manage the farm effectively. The selected article summarises the recommended systematic equipment and approach for implementing an IoT in smart farming. This review's purpose is to identify and discuss the significant devices, cloud platforms, communication protocols, and data processing methodologies. This review highlights an updated technology for agricultural smart management by revising every area, such as crop field data and application utilization. By customizing their technology spending decisions, agriculture stakeholders can better protect the environment and increase food production in a way that meets future global demand. Last but not least, the contribution of this research is that the use of IoT in the agricultural sector helps to improve sensing and monitoring of production, including farm resource usage, animal behavior, crop growth, and food processing. Also, it provides a better understanding of the individual agricultural circumstances, such as environmental and weather conditions, the growth of weeds, pests, and diseases

Influence of Sleeve Gastrectomy on NASH and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is present in up to 85% of adipose patients and may proceed to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). With insulin resistance and obesity being the main risk factors for NASH, the effect of isolated sleeve gastrectomy (ISG) on these parameters was examined. Methods. 236 patients underwent ISG with intraoperative liver biopsy from December 2002 to September 2009. Besides demographic data, pre-operative weight/BMI, HbA1c, AST, ALT, triglycerides, HDL and LDL levels were determined. Results. A significant correlation of NASH with higher HbA1c, AST and ALT and lower levels for HDL was observed (P < .05, <.0001, <.0001, <.01, resp.). Overall BMI decreased from 45.0 ± 6.8 to 29.7 ± 6.5 and 31.6 ± 4.4 kg/m2 at 1 and 3 years. An impaired weight loss was demonstrated for patients with NASH and patients with elevated HbA1c (plateau 28.08 kg/m2 versus 29.79 kg/m2 and 32.30 kg/m2 versus 28.79 kg/m2, resp.). Regarding NASH, a significant improvement of AST, ALT, triglyceride and HDL levels was shown (P < .0001 for all). A resolution of elevated HbA1c was observed in 21 of 23 patients. Summary. NASH patients showed a significant loss of body weight and amelioration of NASH status. ISG can be successfully performed in these patients and should be recommended for this subgroup

Kabuki Syndrome with Chiari malformation type II: A case report

Kabuki syndrome is a rare genetic disorder, characterized by typical facial features, hypotonia, developmental delay and intellectual disabilities. We report here a Saudi female infant diagnosed as a case of Kabuki syndrome clinically and confirmed by molecular genetic testing. She was admitted at birth to neonatal ICU due to hydrocephalus and meningomyelocele and found to have Chiari malformation type II on radiological evaluation of the brain. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was sent for her and showed pathogenic variant in KDM6A which confirm the diagnosis of Kabuki syndrome

Scaling of the F_2 structure function in nuclei and quark distributions at x>1

We present new data on electron scattering from a range of nuclei taken in Hall C at Jefferson Lab. For heavy nuclei, we observe a rapid falloff in the cross section for $x>1$, which is sensitive to short range contributions to the nuclear wave-function, and in deep inelastic scattering corresponds to probing extremely high momentum quarks. This result agrees with higher energy muon scattering measurements, but is in sharp contrast to neutrino scattering measurements which suggested a dramatic enhancement in the distribution of the `super-fast' quarks probed at x>1. The falloff at x>1 is noticeably stronger in ^2H and ^3He, but nearly identical for all heavier nuclei.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, to be submitted to physical revie