Vestigial structures and variation in the evolution of the marsupial mammal dental development—a study of the woolly opossum Caluromys philander

The pattern of dental replacement in marsupial mammals has received much attention for its derived nature and potential relationship to the life history of the group. However, few species have been studied thoroughly, and little is known about the embryonic structures and their use in addressing issues of homology and dental evolution in general. We studied a developmental series of ten individuals of pouch young Caluromys philander to thoroughly document dental development with histological sections and 3D models of dental series. We report that the successor P3 arises from a lingual successional lamina from its predecessor dP3. The germs of vestigial, unerupted deciduous incisors and canines are present alongside their respective permanent successors. These discoveries demonstrate significant differences from the developmental patterns reported for Didelphis and Monodelphis and illustrate that an unsuspected diversity of dental ontogeny is not reflected in the adult pattern of mineralised, erupted or almost erupted teeth

The Predictive Relationship Between Psychological Capital and Academic Burnout in Postgraduate Students

Purpose: The purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to determine if, or to what extent, the composite and sub-composite categories of Psychological Capital (PsyCap) predict academic burnout in American postgraduate health science students at a university in the Southeastern United States. Methods: The variables of the study were measured by the Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ-24) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS). A convenience sampling method was used to collect data from the target population, which included a final sample of 90 health science postgraduate students. Results: A simple linear regression analysis revealed that PsyCap was a significant and negative predictor of academic burnout (F(1,88) = 12.00, p \u3c .001, R2 = 0.12; B = -0.28, t(88) = -3.46, p \u3c .001). Additionally, multiple linear regression analysis revealed that only one sub-category of PsyCap, labeled as Optimism, was a significant and negative predictor of academic burnout (F(4,85) = 5.17, p \u3c .001, R2= 0.20; B = -0.90, t(85) = -3.17, p = .002). Conclusion: The findings may be used by higher education instructors, advisors, and administrators in the United States to adopt policies, practices, programs, student advising, and student mentorship that foster PsyCap and Optimism development in students, which may mitigate the risks and consequences of academic burnout

Managing lupin Anthracnose

Anthracnose in lupins was first reported in commercial crops in Western Australia in September 1996. By October 1996, several thousand lupin breeding lines and wild types of 11 lupin species were sown in New Zealand for resistance screening. In 1997, resistance to anthracnose was confirmed in several breeding fines and commercial cultivars of narrow-leafed lupins (I. angustifolius), landraces of albus lupins (I. albus) and wild types of several other lupin species. Important information on critical seed infection levels and fungicide seed treatment has also been determined