Flame Stabilization Modes in Lean Premixed Swirl Stabilized Combustion

Flame holding and its propagation characteristics in a lean premixed swirl stabilized combustor is studied using large eddy simulations (LES) with a goal to understand the different stabilization modes seen in an experimental combustor, which combines swirl inflow with a central bluff body to create multiple stabilization locations. Experimentally observed transition from a flame stabilized along the inner shear layer to a flame that exists both in the inner and the outer shear layer are numerically simulated by just an increase in the equivalence ratio, as done in the experiment. Comparison with experimental data shows excellent agreement and confirms the ability of LES to capture these different flame stabilization processes without adhoc model adjustments. Despite the change in heat release, the large scale flow features such as the vortex bubble breakdown and recirculation behind the dump expansion remain similar for each case. This indicates that the flame in the outer shear layer does not affect the flow substantially. Simulation results are also used to understand the difference in the unsteady flame structure under these operating conditions. © 2012 by D. Foti and S. Menon

Emotional Intelligence and Transformational and Transactional Leadership: A Meta-Analysis

The purpose of this study is to evaluate claims that emotional intelligence is significantly related to transformational and other leadership behaviors. Results (based on 62 independent samples) indicated a validity estimate of .59 when ratings of both emotional intelligence and leadership behaviors were provided by the same source (self, subordinates, peers, or superiors). However, when ratings of the constructs were derived from different sources, the validity estimate was .12. Lower validity estimates were found for transactional and laissez-faire leadership behaviors. Separate analyses were performed for each measure of emotional intelligence. Trait measures of emotional intelligence tended to show higher validities than ability-based measures of emotional intelligence. Agreement across ratings sources for the same construct was low for both transformational leadership (.14) and emotional intelligence (.16)