193 research outputs found
Zurek-Kibble domain structures: The Dynamics of Spontaneous Vortex formation in Annular Josephson Tunnel Junctions
Phase transitions executed in a finite time show a domain structure with
defects, that has been argued by Zurek and Kibble to depend in a characteristic
way on the quench rate. In this letter we present an experiment to measure the
Zurek-Kibble scaling exponent sigma. Using symmetric and long Josephson Tunnel
Junctions, for which the predicted index is sigma = 0.25, we find sigma = 0.27
+/- 0.05. Further, there is agreement with the ZK prediction for the overall
normalisation.Comment: To be published in Phys. Rev. Lett
Electronic density of states derived from thermodynamic critical field curves for underdoped La-Sr-Cu-O
Thermodynamic critical field curves have been measured for
over the full range of carrier concentrations
where superconductivity occurs in order to determine changes in the normal
state density of states with carrier concentration. There is a substantial
window in the plane where the measurements are possible because the
samples are both thermodynamically reversible and the temperature is low enough
that vortex fluctuations are not important. In this window, the data fit
Hao-Clem rather well, so this model is used to determine and
for each temperature and carrier concentration. Using N(0) and the ratio of the
energy gap to transition temperature, , as fitting
parameters, the curves give over the
whole range of . Values of N(0) remain rather constant in the optimum-doped
and overdoped regime, but drops quickly toward zero in the underdoped regime.
Life Cycle-Dependent Cytoskeletal Modifications in Plasmodium falciparum Infected Erythrocytes
10.1371/journal.pone.0061170PLoS ONE84
On the Mechanism of Homogeneous Decomposition of the Chlorinated Silanes. Chain Reactions Propagated by Divalent Silicon Species
Modelling ranging behaviour of female orang-utans: a case study in Tuanan, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
Quantification of the spatial needs of individuals and populations is vitally important for management and conservation. Geographic information systems (GIS) have recently become important analytical tools in wildlife biology, improving our ability to understand animal movement patterns, especially when very large data sets are collected. This study aims at combining the field of GIS with primatology to model and analyse space-use patterns of wild orang-utans. Home ranges of female orang-utans in the Tuanan Mawas forest reserve in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia were modelled with kernel density estimation methods. Kernel results were compared with minimum convex polygon estimates, and were found to perform better, because they were less sensitive to sample size and produced more reliable estimates. Furthermore, daily travel paths were calculated from 970 complete follow days. Annual ranges for the resident females were approximately 200 ha and remained stable over several years; total home range size was estimated to be 275 ha. On average, each female shared a third of her home range with each neighbouring female. Orang-utan females in Tuanan built their night nest on average 414 m away from the morning nest, whereas average daily travel path length was 777 m. A significant effect of fruit availability on day path length was found. Sexually active females covered longer distances per day and may also temporarily expand their ranges
Suppression of superconductivity by non-magnetic disorder in organic superconductor -(BEDT-TTF)Cu(NCS)
The suppression of superconductivity by nonmagnetic disorder is investigated
systematically in the organic superconductor
-(BEDT-TTF)Cu(NCS). We introduce a nonmagnetic disorder arising
from molecule substitution in part with deuterated BEDT-TTF or BMDT-TTF for
BEDT-TTF molecules and molecular defects introduced by X-ray irradiation. A
quantitative evaluation of the scattering time is carried out
by de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) effect measurement. A large reduction in with a linear dependence on is found in the
small-disorder region below 1 10
s in both the BMDT-TTF molecule-substituted and X-ray-irradiated
samples. The observed linear relation between and is in agreement with the Abrikosov-Gorkov (AG) formula, at least in the
small-disorder region. This observation is reasonably consistent with the
unconventional superconductivity proposed thus far for the present organic
superconductor. A deviation from the AG formula, however, is observed in the
large-disorder region above 1 10
s, which reproduces the previous transport study (J. G. Analytis {\it et
al.}: Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 96} (2006) 177002). We present some interpretations
of this deviation from the viewpoints of superconductivity and the inherent
difficulties in the evaluation of scattering time.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figure
Clapper rails as indicators of mercury and PCB bioavailability in a Georgia saltmarsh system
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