1,337 research outputs found

    Anomalous quartic WWgamma gamma, ZZgamma gamma, and trilinear WWgamma couplings in two-photon processes at high luminosity at the LHC

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    We study the W/Z pair production via two-photon exchange at the LHC and give the sensitivities on trilinear and quartic gauge anomalous couplings between photons and W/Z bosons for an integrated luminosity of 30 and 200 fb^{-1}. For simplicity and to obtain lower backgrounds, only the leptonic decays of the electroweak bosons are considered.Comment: 22 pages, 17 figures, sumitted to Phys. Rev.

    Do Wild Polar Bears (Ursus maritimus) Use Tools When Hunting Walruses (Odobenus rosmarus)?

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    Since the late 1700s, reports of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) using tools (i.e., pieces of ice or stones) to kill walruses (Odobenus rosmarus) have been passed on verbally to explorers and naturalists by their Inuit guides, based on local traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) as well as accounts of direct observations or interpretations of tracks in the snow made by the Inuit hunters who reported them. To assess the possibility that polar bears may occasionally use tools to hunt walruses in the wild, we summarize 1) observations described to early explorers and naturalists by Inuit hunters about polar bears using tools, 2) more recent documentation in the literature from Inuit hunters and scientists, and 3) recent observations of a polar bear in a zoo spontaneously using tools to access a novel food source. These observations and previously published experiments on brown bears (Ursus arctos) confirm that, in captivity, polar and brown bears are both capable of conceptualizing the use of a tool to obtain a food source that would otherwise not be accessible. Based on the information from all our sources, this may occasionally also have been the case in the wild. We suggest that possible tool use by polar bears in the wild is infrequent and mainly limited to hunting walruses because of their large size, difficulty to kill, and their possession of potentially lethal weapons for both their own defense and the direct attack of a predator. Depuis la fin des annĂ©es 1700, des signalements d’ours polaires (Ursus maritimus) se servant d’outils (comme des morceaux de glace ou des pierres) pour tuer des morses (Odobenus rosmarus) ont Ă©tĂ© communiquĂ©s verbalement par des guides inuits Ă  divers explorateurs et naturalistes. Les guides en question se fondaient sur les connaissances Ă©cologiques traditionnelles (CET) locales de mĂŞme que sur les interprĂ©tations de traces dans la neige ou les rĂ©cits d’observations directes des chasseurs inuits ayant fait les signalements. Pour Ă©valuer la possibilitĂ© que les ours polaires puissent parfois se servir d’outils pour chasser les morses en milieu sauvage, nous rĂ©sumons : 1) les observations dĂ©crites aux premiers explorateurs et naturalistes par les chasseurs inuits au sujet de l’utilisation d’outils par les ours polaires; 2) la documentation rĂ©cente attribuable aux chasseurs inuits et aux scientifiques; et 3) les rĂ©centes observations de l’ours polaire d’un zoo se servant d’outils spontanĂ©ment pour avoir accès Ă  une nouvelle source de nourriture. Ces observations, alliĂ©es Ă  des expĂ©riences publiĂ©es au sujet d’ours bruns (Ursus arctos), permettent de confirmer qu’en captivitĂ©, tant les ours bruns que les ours polaires sont capables de conceptualiser l’utilisation d’un outil pour se procurer de la nourriture qui ne serait autrement pas accessible. D’après les renseignements prĂ©levĂ©s auprès de toutes nos sources, cela aurait aussi pu ĂŞtre occasionnellement le cas en milieu sauvage. Nous suggĂ©rons que l’utilisation possible d’outils par les ours polaires en milieu sauvage n’est pas frĂ©quente et qu’elle est surtout limitĂ©e Ă  la chasse au morse en raison de la grande taille de cette espèce, de la difficultĂ© Ă  l’abattre et des armes potentiellement mortelles qu’elle possède, tant pour se dĂ©fendre que pour attaquer un prĂ©dateur directement.&nbsp

    Effective representation of RT-LOTOS terms by finite time petri nets

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    The paper describes a transformational approach for the specification and formal verification of concurrent and real-time systems. At upper level, one system is specified using the timed process algebra RT-LOTOS. The output of the proposed transformation is a Time Petri net (TPN). The paper particularly shows how a TPN can be automatically constructed from an RT-LOTOS specification using a compositionally defined mapping. The proof of the translation consistency is sketched in the paper and developed in [1]. The RT-LOTOS to TPN translation patterns formalized in the paper are being implemented. in a prototype tool. This enables reusing TPNs verification techniques and tools for the profit of RT-LOTOS
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