Heliospheric Magnetic Field 1835-2009

We use recently acquired geomagnetic archival data to extend our long-term reconstruction of the HMF strength. The 1835-2009 HMF series is based on an updated and substantiated IDV series from 1872-onwards and on Bartels' extension, by proxy, of his u-series from 1835-1871. The new IDV series, termed IDV09, has excellent agreement (R^2 = 0.98; RMS = 0.3 nT) with the earlier IDV05 series, and also with the negative component of Love's extended (to 1905) Dst series (R^2 = 0.91). Of greatest importance to the community, in an area of research that has been contentious, comparison of the extended HMF series with other recent reconstructions of solar wind B for the last ~100 years yields a strong consensus between series based on geomagnetic data. Differences exist from ~1900-1910 but they are far smaller than the previous disagreement for this key interval of low solar wind B values which closely resembles current solar activity. Equally encouraging, a discrepancy with an HMF reconstruction based on 10Be data for the first half of the 20th century has largely been removed by a revised 10Be-based reconstruction published after we submitted this paper, although a remaining discrepancy for the years ~1885-1905 will need to be resolved

Role of the inland waterways system during mobilization

This thesis examines the Department of Defense's (DoD) use of the inland waterways system during mobilization. The study furnishes a historical and present-day review of the inland waterways system. The thesis also address the military's current use of the inland waterways system. The emphasis of the thesis is on exploring the potential cost savings available in using inland waterway transportation for unit movements. There is potential for the military to realize sizable cost savings by moving unit equipment over the inland waterways, The paper proposes that DoD planners use Gulf coast ports as points of entry for returning equipment. These Roll-on/Roll-off (RO/RO) capable ports can provide low-cost waterborne transport when moving military units returning from overseas deployment.http://archive.org/details/roleofinlandwate00kertLieutenant Commander, United States NavyApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited