891 research outputs found
Colloidal glass transition: Beyond mode-coupling theory
A new theory for dynamics of concentrated colloidal suspensions and the
colloidal glass transition is proposed. The starting point is the memory
function representation of the density correlation function. The memory
function can be expressed in terms of a time-dependent pair-density correlation
function. An exact, formal equation of motion for this function is derived and
a factorization approximation is applied to its evolution operator. In this way
a closed set of equations for the density correlation function and the memory
function is obtained. The theory predicts an ergodicity breaking transition
similar to that predicted by the mode-coupling theory, but at a higher density.Comment: to be published in PR
Mode Coupling relaxation scenario in a confined glass former
Molecular dynamics simulations of a Lennard-Jones binary mixture confined in
a disordered array of soft spheres are presented. The single particle dynamical
behavior of the glass former is examined upon supercooling. Predictions of mode
coupling theory are satisfied by the confined liquid. Estimates of the
crossover temperature are obtained by power law fit to the diffusion
coefficients and relaxation times of the late region. The exponent
of the von Schweidler law is also evaluated. Similarly to the bulk, different
values of the exponent are extracted from the power law fit to the
diffusion coefficients and relaxation times.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, changes in the text, accepted for publication on
Europhysics Letter
Vibrational origin of the fast relaxation processes in molecular glass-formers
We study the interaction of the relaxation processes with the density
fluctuations by molecular dynamics simulation of a flexible molecule model for
o-terphenyl (oTP) in the liquid and supercooled phases. We find evidence,
besides the structural relaxation, of a secondary vibrational relaxation whose
characteristic time, few ps, is slightly temperature dependent. This i)
confirms the result by Monaco et al. [Phys. Rev, E 62, 7595 (2000)] of the
vibrational nature of the fast relaxation observed in Brillouin Light
Scattering (BLS) experiments in oTP; and ii) poses a caveat on the
interpretation of the BLS spectra of molecular systems in terms of a purely
center of mass dynamics.Comment: RevTeX, 5 pages, 4 eps figure
Structural Relaxation and Mode Coupling in a Simple Liquid: Depolarized Light Scattering in Benzene
We have measured depolarized light scattering in liquid benzene over the
whole accessible temperature range and over four decades in frequency. Between
40 and 180 GHz we find a susceptibility peak due to structural relaxation. This
peak shows stretching and time-temperature scaling as known from
relaxation in glass-forming materials. A simple mode-coupling model provides
consistent fits of the entire data set. We conclude that structural relaxation
in simple liquids and relaxation in glass-forming materials are
physically the same. A deeper understanding of simple liquids is reached by
applying concepts that were originally developed in the context of
glass-transition research.Comment: submitted to New J. Phy
Structural relaxation in orthoterphenyl: a schematic mode coupling theory model analysis
Depolarized light scattering spectra of orthoterphenyl showing the emergence
of the structural relaxation below the oscillatory microscopic excitations are
described by solutions of a schematic mode--coupling--theory model
Dynamics in Colloidal Liquids near a Crossing of Glass- and Gel-Transition Lines
Within the mode-coupling theory for ideal glass-transitions, the mean-squared
displacement and the correlation function for density fluctuations are
evaluated for a colloidal liquid of particles interacting with a square-well
potential for states near the crossing of the line for transitions to a gel
with the line for transitions to a glass. It is demonstrated how the dynamics
is ruled by the interplay of the mechanisms of arrest due to hard-core
repulsion and due to attraction-induced bond formation as well as by a nearby
higher-order glass-transition singularity. Application of the universal
relaxation laws for the slow dynamics near glass-transition singularities
explains the qualitative features of the calculated time dependence of the
mean-squared displacement, which are in accord with the findings obtained in
molecular-dynamics simulation studies by Zaccarelli et. al [Phys. Rev. E 66,
041402 (2002)]. Correlation functions found by photon-correlation spectroscopy
in a micellar system by Mallamace et. al [Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 5431 2000)] can
be interpreted qualitatively as a crossover from gel to glass dynamics.Comment: 13 pages, 12 figure
The mean-squared displacement of a molecule moving in a glassy system
The mean-squared displacement (MSD) of a hard sphere and of a dumbbell
molecule consisting of two fused hard spheres immersed in a dense hard-sphere
system is calculated within the mode-coupling theory for ideal liquid-glass
transitions. It is proven that the velocity correlator, which is the second
time derivative of the MSD, is the negative of a completely monotone function
for times within the structural-relaxation regime. The MSD is found to exhibit
a large time interval for structural relaxation prior to the onset of the
-process which cannot be described by the asymptotic formulas for the
mode-coupling-theory-bifurcation dynamics. The -process for molecules
with a large elongation is shown to exhibit an anomalously wide cross-over
interval between the end of the von-Schweidler decay and the beginning of
normal diffusion. The diffusivity of the molecule is predicted to vary
non-monotonically as function of its elongation.Comment: 18 pages, 12 figures, Phys. Rev. E, in prin
Activated events in glasses: the structure of entropic droplets
Using an effective potential approach, we present a replica instanton theory
for the dynamics of entropic droplets in glassy systems. Replica symmetry
breaking in the droplet interface leads to a length scale dependent reduction
of the droplet surface tension and changes the character of the dynamical
heterogeneity and activated dynamics in glasses.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure
Flow curves of colloidal dispersions close to the glass transition: Asymptotic scaling laws in a schematic model of mode coupling theory
The flow curves, viz. the curves of stationary stress under steady shearing,
are obtained close to the glass transition in dense colloidal dispersions using
asymptotic expansions in a schematic model of mode coupling theory. The shear
thinning of the viscosity in fluid states and the yielding of glassy states is
discussed. At the transition between fluid and shear-molten glass, simple and
generalized Herschel-Bulkley laws are derived with power law exponents that can
be computed for different particle interactions from the equilibrium structure
factor.Comment: 14 pages, 14 figures, 4 tables, Eur. Phys. J. E (submitted
Memory-Controlled Diffusion
Memory effects require for their incorporation into random-walk models an
extension of the conventional equations. The linear Fokker-Planck equation for
the probability density is generalized to include non-linear and
non-local spatial-temporal memory effects. The realization of the memory
kernels are restricted due the conservation of the basic quantity . A
general criteria is given for the existence of stationary solutions. In case
the memory kernel depends on polynomially the transport is prevented. Owing
to the delay effects a finite amount of particles remains localized and the
further transport is terminated. For diffusion with non-linear memory effects
we find an exact solution in the long-time limit. Although the mean square
displacement shows diffusive behavior, higher order cumulants exhibits
differences to diffusion and they depend on the memory strength
- âŠ