Implementation of Chemo-entrepreneurship Teaching Approach for Improving Students' Life Skills

The Implementation of Chemo-entrepreneurship (CEP) Teaching Approach in Improving Students' Life Skills The study aimed at developing an innovative teaching method. Chemo-entrepreneurship (CEP) approach is a method is Chemistry teaching which relates the theory with everyday objects. This method provides the knowledge as well as the skills of Chemistry in order to transform raw materials into valuable products. The focus of the study was the improvement of students' achievement and the devel­opment of students' life skills. The subjects of the study were 39 students from the Chemistry Education Department of Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES). The data were obtained from the observation of the subjects, which were finally analyzed descriptively. The results of the study showed that the CEP teaching method was successfully implemented, and the students got better achievement. The study also revealed that the means of students' life skills were also improved.s' achievement of learning was in­creased. Students' average life skill score was also improved

Development of Formaldehyde Adsorption Using Modified Activated Carbon – a Review

Gas storage is a technology developed with an adsorptive storage method, in which gases are stored as adsorbed components on the certain adsorbent. Formaldehyde is one of the major indoor gaseous pollutants. Depending on its concentration, formaldehyde may cause minor disorder symptoms to a serious injury. Some of the successful applications of technology for the removal of formaldehyde have been reported. However, this paper presents an overview of several studies on the elimination of formaldehyde that has been done by adsorption method because of its simplicity. The adsorption method does not require high energy and the adsorbent used can be obtained from inexpensive materials. Most researchers used activated carbon as an adsorbent for removal of formaldehyde because of its high adsorption capacity. Activated carbons can be produced from many materials such as coals, woods, or agricultural waste. Some of them were prepared by specific activation methods to improve the surface area. Some researchers also used modified activated carbon by adding specific additive to improve its performance in attracting formaldehyde molecules. Proposed modification methods on activation and additive impregnated carbon are thus discussed in this paper for future development and improvement of formaldehyde adsorption on activated carbon. Specifically, a waste agricultural product is chosen for activated carbon raw material because it is renewable and gives an added value to the materials. The study indicates that the performance of the adsorption of formaldehyde might be improved by using modified activated carbon. Bamboo seems to be the most appropriate raw materials to produce activated carbon combined with applying chemical activation method and addition of metal oxidative catalysts such as Cu or Ag in nano size particles. Bamboo activated carbon can be developed in addition to the capture of formaldehyde as well as the storage of adsorptive hydrogen gas that supports renewable energy

Implementasi Penyelenggaraan Perpustakaan Di Kabupaten Kendal

In the framework of the intellectual life of the nation, as mandated in the preamble of the Indonesia Constitution on 1945 in the fourth paragraph. The Government of the Province of Central Java has published Regulations about a Arrangement the Library, that is an activity planning, management, preservation, development, coaching and supervision of the Library. The policy was formulated to solved existing problems one of them a low interest of reading society. The purpose of the research was to find out how the Implementation of the Arrangement the Library in the District of Kendal and to know of factors support and obstacle of implementation. The method used in this research was qualitative-descriptive. Based on the results of research in the Office of Library and Regional Archives in The District Of Kendal as the main executor of Kendal government in the sector of library. That the Implementation policy of Arrangement the Library in the District of Kendal on 2014 have not been implemented maximally. Because there are still some targets achievement RPJMD library sector at Kendal in 2010-2015 has not been reached. Target performance indicators on the RPJMD yet achieved one of them is the level of library visitors. In the implementation of this policy there are still obstacles such as communications that has not been going well, limited human resources, facilities and infrastructures supporting the Library is still limited. The result of this research can be concluded that the implementation of arrangement the library in the Districtof Kendal in 2014 has not been implemented maximally. Suggestion from researcher is the Office of Library and the archive area of Kendal as implementers are expected to further improves communication in socialization of the Library and the interests of reading to the general public. Then the addition of budget to the section of Library for the procurement of non-permanent employees (npe) to fill a shortage of librarians and Library technical personnel, as well as improving infrastructure facilities of the Library

Pemanfaatan Limbah Sekam Padi Menjadi Silika Gel

Sekam padi merupakan salah satu sumber penghasil silika terbesar, berpotensi sebagai bahan pembuatan silika gel. Abu sekam padi mengandung silika sebanyak 87%-97% berat kering. Sintesis silika gel dari abu sekam padi dilakukan dengan mereaksikan abu sekam padi menggunakan larutan NaOH 1N pada suhu 800C selama 1 jam dan dilanjutkan dengan penambahan larutan asam hingga pH=7. Gel yang dihasilkan selanjutnya didiamkan selama 18 jam kemudian dikeringkan pada suhu dikeringkan menggunakan oven pada suhu 800C hingga beratnya konstan. Hasil percobaan diperoleh bahwa silika gel dengan penambahan CH3COOH menghasilkan yield yang lebih besar dibandingkan penambahan HCl. Berdasarkan analisis FT-IR silika gel yang diperoleh memiliki gugus Si-O-Si dan gugus Si-OH. Silika gel dengan penambahan HCl memiliki surface area sebesar 65,558 m2/g, total pore volume 0,1935 cc/g, dan average pore size sebesar 59,0196 Å. Sedangkan silika gel dengan penambahan CH3COOH memiliki surface area sebesar 9,685 m2/g, total pore volume 0,02118 cc/g, dan average pore size sebesar 43,7357Å. Silika gel dengan penambahanCH3COOH memiliki kemampuan menyerap kelembaban udara yang lebih baik dibanding silika gel dengan penambahan HCl. Rice hull ash (RHA) is one of the biggest source of silica, potential for sintesis silica gel. RHA contains silica as many as 87 % -97 %. Synthesis of silica gel from rice hull ash was done by reaction using NaOH solution at temperature 800C for 1 hour and followed by the addition of an acid solution until pH=7. The gel were rested with time aging 18 hour, and then dried using oven at temperature 800C until constant weigh. The results obtained that the silica gel with the addition of CH3COOH produce higher yields than the addition of HCl. Based on FT-IR analysis, silica gel has a group of silanol (Si-`OH) and siloxan (Si-O-Si) group. Silica gel with the addition of HCl has a surface area 65,558 m2/g, a total pore volume 0,1935 cc/g, and average pore size 59,0196 Å. While the silica gel with the addition of CH3COOH has a surface area 9.685 m2/g, a total pore volume 0,02118 cc/g, and average pore size 43,7357 Å. Silica gel with the addition of CH3COOHhas the ability to absorb humidity better than silica gel with the addition of HCl

ANALYSIS OF CHICKEN MANURE FERTILIZER ON THE GROWTH EFFECTIVENESS OF WATER SPINACH (Ipomoea reptans Poir.)

Livestock waste containing untreated protein feed can affect soil, air and air pollution and be a source of toxins. Chickens and those around them will know this by free ammonia. Broiler manure waste can be used as a high nitro- gen nutrient that can be used as a fertilizer with additives needed by plants to increase soil fertility. The purpose of this study was to create and analyze nitrogen-rich fertilizers from broiler manure that affect plant growth or fertili- zer efficiency on productivity, growth efficiency of water spinach (Ipomoea reptans Poir.). As a result, poultry com- post contained water (63.38), nitrogen (N) (2.400%), P2O5 (3.914%), and K2O (1.113%), so N levels, P, K (7.447%). It was performed for 14 days with 3 different nutritional sources. The most effective treatment for growing aquatic spinach was the use of a combination of soil and fertilizer applied in specific proportions to obtain stem height (23.55 cm), leaf number (6.2 leaves) and leaf width (3.1 cm). Results were better compared to other treatments

OPTIMASI UNJUK KERJA FLUIDIZED BED GASIFIER DENGAN MEVARIASI TEMPERATURE UDARA AWAL

Gasifikasi merupakan metode mengkonversi secara termokimia bahan bakar padat menjadi bahan bakar gas (syngas) dalam wadah gasifier dengan menyuplai agen gasifikasi seperti uap panas, udara dan lainnya. Metode gasifikasi dinilai lebih menguntungkan dan gas pembakaran lebih bersih dibanding pembakaran langsung. Namun demikian, tekonologi gasifikasi masih perlu dikembangkan mengingat masih rendahnya efisiensi gasifikasi. Hal ini karena karakteristik biomassa khususnya sekam padi memiliki kadar air yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh temperatur awal udara terhadap efisiensi gasifikasi sekam padi. Alat gasifikasi yang digunakan adalah updraft circulating fluidized bed gasifier. Penelitian dilakukan pada temperatur awal udara yang bervariasi yaitu 300C hingga 4000C. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi temperatur awal udara gasifikasi, semakin meningkat efisiensi gasifikasi dan efisiensi karbon. Temperatur awal udara yang optimum didapatkan pada 3000C dengan efisiensi gasifikasi sebesar 65,78%

The Utilization of Ozone as an Alternatif Chlorine Substitution to Increase Quality of Arenga Starch (Arenga Pinnata)

This study was aimed to determine the optimum conditions of flour bleaching with ozonation techniques and compare the effect of chlorination results. The process of bleaching flour with ozonation process is carried out in batch system. The research procedure is to vary the time 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 minutes. Variation in pH 4, 6, native pH of flour, 8, 10 and 1: 3 (b / v) concentration of flour against water. Ozone concentration 0.325 g ozone / hour. The effect of the addition of chlorine is soaked for 180 minutes with the concentration of chlorine to the flour of 0.325% (w / w) and theconcentrationofflour towaterthatis1: 3.The resultsobtainedwerecarriedout by means of data sampling on purpose and were carried out by white degree analysis, organoleptic test, chlorine content test and protein content test. The results of the research that has been done, that the optimum conditions for the bleaching process of flour using ozone are pH 4 with 180 minutes obtained the value of Brightness L* = 93.32, b* = 5.10. Organoleptic results give results that respondents prefer the results of the ozonation process with the classification of odor, color and texture in a row is 9; 8.5;8.6.Theresultsofapositive,andquantitativequalitativechlorinecontenttestwith an Argentometric Mohr titration produced 0.01% (w / w) per 10 g of palm sugar.     Keywords: Chlorination, Ozonation, Bleaching, pH, Palm Flour

Design and Construction of Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis of Waste Coconut Shell for the Isolation of Pyroligneous Acid

As a country with a large amount of natural resources, Indonesia should be able to convert this material into more value added product. However, most of the natural resources were sold as a raw material. Process system engineering research center is one of the solution to overcome this problem by developing an integrated and systematic technology. Through this research center, output of the research can be scaled up for large scale production and also can be commercialized to increase the community welfare. One of natural resources which has not been optimally utilized is waste coconut shell (WCS). Indonesia is the largest coconut producer in the world with areal production of 3.88 ha and 3.2 million ton of coconut products. Several problems arefacedbycoconutagroindustry,i.e.thelackofcoconutbasedproductdiversification and also the large number of WCS. WCS is one of organic waste, however it is quite hard to be decomposed by the microorganism due to its hard texture. This problem may gave high potential in the environmental pollution. In this research, WCS is going to be used as a raw material for pyroligneous acid through pyrolysis process. Pyrolysis is a method that is usually used to convert a biomass waste sources into a valuable product through thermal decomposition process without the presence of oxygen. This process will produce solid (char), liquid (bio-oil, tar and pyroligneous acid) and gas. Pyroligneous acid is commonly obtained as a side product from the production of active carbon and to date it has not been utilized economically. In the other hand, pyroligneous acid can be used as an anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-biofilm and also as an anti inflammatory. This properties are available due to the presence of organic matter and phenolic compound in the pyroligneous acid. This characteristics showedthatpyroligneousacidishighlypotentialasrawmaterialindrugsandpharmacy industries. Pyrolysis process requires high temperature which has range between 500 – 600 ∘C. In this paper, it will be discussed a pyrolysis equipment design and productionofpyroligneousacidfromWCSbyusingmicrowave-assistedpyrolysis(MAP).     Keywords: Coconut Shel, Pyroligneous Acid, Pyrolysis, Microwave, Pharmac