A Directional Distance Function Approach to Void the Non-Archimedean in DEA

Over the past years, the data envelopment analysis (DEA) methodology has registered widespread use among researchers from many fields. Furthermore, it is important to note that the non-Archimedean infinitesimal, $\epsilon$, is a key concept in DEA models. Nevertheless, it is known that some computational difficulties arise when using $\epsilon$ in DEA. In this short communication, we show how the non-Archimedean may be voided using a directional distance function approach. Thus, our approach avoids choosing a real number ($10^{-5}$ or $10^{-6}$) as a value for $\epsilon$ or estimating the same

Litigation: Time to Revisit \u3cem\u3eChevron\u3c/em\u3e Deference?

This panel discussion took place on Thursday, November 13, 2014 at the Mayflower Hotel in Washington, D.C., prior to the passing of Justice Antonin Scalia. Justice Scalia\u27s impact on the development of administrative law in the United States is unparalleled

The Causal Structure of Emotions in Aristotle: Hylomorphism, Causal Interaction between Mind and Body, and Intentionality

Recently, a strong hylomorphic reading of Aristotelian emotions has been put forward, one that allegedly eliminates the problem of causal interaction between soul and body. Taking the presentation of emotions in de An. I 1 as a starting point and basic thread, but relying also on the discussion of Rh. II, I will argue that this reading only takes into account two of the four causes of emotions, and that, if all four of them are included into the picture, then a causal interaction of mind and body remains within Aristotelian emotions, independent of how strongly their hylomorphism is understood. Beyond the discussion with this recent reading, the analysis proposed of the fourfold causal structure of emotions is also intended as a hermeneutical starting point for a comprehensive analysis of particular emotions in Aristotle. Through the different causes Aristotle seems to account for many aspects of the complex phenomenon of emotion, including its physiological causes, its mental causes, and its intentional object

Magnetic properties of pure and Gd doped EuO probed by NMR

An Eu NMR study in the ferromagnetic phase of pure and Gd doped EuO was performed. A complete description of the NMR lineshape of pure EuO allowed for the influence of doping EuO with Gd impurities to be highlighted. The presence of a temperature dependent static magnetic inhomogeneity in Gd doped EuO was demonstrated by studying the temperature dependence of the lineshapes. The results suggest that the inhomogeneity in 0.6% Gd doped EuO is linked to colossal magnetoresistance. The measurement of the spin-lattice relaxation times as a function of temperature led to the determination of the value of the exchange integral J as a function of Gd doping. It was found that J is temperature independent and spatially homogeneous for all the samples and that its value increases abruptly with increasing Gd doping.Comment: 14 pages, 10 figures, to be published in Physical Review

The Heavy Photon Search Test Detector

The Heavy Photon Search (HPS), an experiment to search for a hidden sector photon in fixed target electroproduction, is preparing for installation at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab) in the Fall of 2014. As the first stage of this project, the HPS Test Run apparatus was constructed and operated in 2012 to demonstrate the experiment׳s technical feasibility and to confirm that the trigger rates and occupancies are as expected. This paper describes the HPS Test Run apparatus and readout electronics and its performance. In this setting, a heavy photon can be identified as a narrow peak in the e+ e− invariant mass spectrum above the trident background or as a narrow invariant mass peak with a decay vertex displaced from the production target, so charged particle tracking and vertexing are needed for its detection. In the HPS Test Run, charged particles are measured with a compact forward silicon microstrip tracker inside a dipole magnet. Electromagnetic showers are detected in a PbW04 crystal calorimeter situated behind the magnet, and are used to trigger the experiment and identify electrons and positrons. Both detectors are placed close to the beam line and split top-bottom. This arrangement provides sensitivity to low-mass heavy photons, allows clear passage of the unscattered beam, and avoids the spray of degraded electrons coming from the target. The discrimination between prompt and displaced e+ e− pairs requires the first layer of silicon sensors be placed only 10 cm downstream of the target. The expected signal is small, and the trident background huge, so the experiment requires very large statistics. Accordingly, the HPS Test Run utilizes high-rate readout and data acquisition electronics and a fast trigger to exploit the essentially 100% duty cycle of the CEBAF accelerator at JLab

Superfluid to solid crossover in a rotating Bose-Einstein condensed gas

The properties of a rotating Bose-Einstein condensate confined in a prolate cylindrically symmetric trap are explored both analytically and numerically. As the rotation frequency increases, an ever greater number of vortices are energetically favored. Though the cloud anisotropy and moment of inertia approach those of a classical fluid at high frequencies, the observed vortex density is consistently lower than the solid-body estimate. Furthermore, the vortices are found to arrange themselves in highly regular triangular arrays, with little distortion even near the condensate surface. These results are shown to be a direct consequence of the inhomogeneous confining potential.Comment: 4+e pages, 5 embedded figures, revte

Litigation: Time to Revisit Chevron Difference

Article is a transcript from the 2014 National Lawyers Convention panel on Millennials, Equity, and the Rule of Law. A video recording of the panel can be viewed here. JUSTICE DON WILLETT: ... because Chevron deference is kind of like bacon. Some people like their Chevron deference rigid and crisp. Other people like it a little squishy and a little bendable. A few people dislike it altogether, no matter how it\u27s served. But Chevron\u27 is now thirty years old, older than a number of people in the audience today, and a lot has changed. The regulatory state has exploded, in terms of size and scope, over the last thirty years, becoming arguably a fourth branch of government altogether. So, is it time to revisit and think anew about judicial deference to agency decision-making? Do Chevron\u27s virtues outweigh the vices? Have courts gone too far? Has Chevron deference devolved into Chevron dereliction? Are courts moving increasingly from adjudication to abdication, letting the foxes guard the agency henhouse? So it is a thorny question that vexes the Court, and not along the usual ideological lines. We have three former administrative law professors on the U.S. Supreme Court. They have very fervent, strongly held views on Chevron and Chevron deference. And the Court is going to have, undeniably, some pretty high-profile opportunities in the near term, I believe, to revisit and possibly recalibrate Chevron