A combined frequency domain near infrared spectroscopy and diffuse correlation spectroscopy system for monitoring the sternocleidomastoid muscle

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Anisotropic diffusion in continuum relaxation of stepped crystal surfaces

We study the continuum limit in 2+1 dimensions of nanoscale anisotropic diffusion processes on crystal surfaces relaxing to become flat below roughening. Our main result is a continuum law for the surface flux in terms of a new continuum-scale tensor mobility. The starting point is the Burton, Cabrera and Frank (BCF) theory, which offers a discrete scheme for atomic steps whose motion drives surface evolution. Our derivation is based on the separation of local space variables into fast and slow. The model includes: (i) anisotropic diffusion of adsorbed atoms (adatoms) on terraces separating steps; (ii) diffusion of atoms along step edges; and (iii) attachment-detachment of atoms at step edges. We derive a parabolic fourth-order, fully nonlinear partial differential equation (PDE) for the continuum surface height profile. An ingredient of this PDE is the surface mobility for the adatom flux, which is a nontrivial extension of the tensor mobility for isotropic terrace diffusion derived previously by Margetis and Kohn. Approximate, separable solutions of the PDE are discussed.Comment: 14 pages, 1 figur

Pade approximation of the S-matrix as a way of locating quantum resonances and bound states

It is shown that the spectral points (bound states and resonances) generated by a central potential of a single-channel problem, can be found using rational parametrization of the S-matrix. To achieve this, one only needs values of the S-matrix along the real positive energy axis. No calculations of the S-matrix at complex energies or a complex rotation are necessary. The proposed method is therefore universal in that it is applicable to any potential (local, non-local, discontinuous, etc.) provided that there is a way of obtaining the S-matrix (or scattering phase-shifts) at real collision energies. Besides this, combined with any method that extracts the phase-shifts from the scattering data, the proposed rational parametrization technique would be able to do the spectral analysis using the experimental data.Comment: 20 pages, 6 figure

La edad del primer pulso de rifting continental asociado a la ruptura de Pangea en el suroeste ibérico: nueva evidencia palinológica

ABSTRACT: In this work, we report the first palynological age for the base strata of the Silves Sandstones of the Silves Group in the Algarve Basin, located in Southern Portugal. The group is the oldest sedimentary unit of the Algarve Basin and was deposited unconformably over late Pennsylvanian turbidites of the Mira Formation, which were folded and faulted during the Variscan Orogeny. The Silves Group comprises a detrital red bed succession, representing the earliest phase of sedimentation associated with the initial rifting of Pangaea. Macrofossils are rare, occurring predominantly in the top layers of this group, and do not accurately constrain the age of the entire group's deposition. From an outcrop exposed in the central Algarve, a grey mudstone bed positioned 2.5 m above the Variscan unconformity plane yielded palynomorphs that date the beginning of sedimentation in this basin to the early Carnian age (Late Triassic). The moderately well preserved and low-diversity palynological association comprises Aulisporites astigmosus, Enzonalasporites densus, Ovalipollis pseudoalatus, Samaropollenites speciosus, Tulesporites briscoensis and Vallasporites ignacii, among others, and is indicative of an early Carnian age.RESUMEN: Mediante datos de asociaciones palinológicas, describimos por primera vez la edad de los niveles de la base de la Formación Areniscas de Silves, del Grupo Silves, en la cuenca del Algarve, sur de Portugal. Este grupo representa la unidad sedimen taria más antigua del Mesozoico de la Cuenca del Algarve, y fue depositada discordantemente sobre las areniscas de edad Pensilvaniense superior de la Formación Mira, un registro sedimentario que fue plegado y fallado durante la Orogenia Varisca. El Grupo Silves muestra unos sedimentos detríticos rojos que representan la fase más temprana de la sedimentación y que está asociada a las primeras fases de la ruptura de Pangea. Los macrofósiles son escasos, se encuentran en los niveles superiores del grupo y no proporcionan una edad determinada. Una asociación palinológica ha sido encontrada y descrita en un nivel de lutitas grises situado a 2,5 cm por encima de la discordancia varisca, y que proporcionan una edad Carniense (Triásico Superior) para el comienzo de la sedimentación de esta unidad. Se trata de una asociación moderadamente bien conservada y con baja diversidad de elementos, que contiene Aulisporites astigmosus, Enzonalasporites densus, Ovalipollis pseudoalatus, Samaropollenites speciosus, Tulesporites briscoensis y Vallaspollites ignacii entre otros, y es indicativa de un Carniense inferior.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Research on Long-Term Care Homes for Older People in Brazil: Protocol for Scoping Review

LOTUS CONSORTIUM - Improving care in Long-term Care Institutions in Brazil and Europe through Collaboration and ResearchBackground The fast growth of the ageing population in low and middle-income countries, such as Brazil, has allowed little time for social and health care systems to adapt. As the care needs for the most vulnerable and frail older people become increasingly complex, services and governments need to ensure that long term care homes deliver high-quality and evidence-based care to meet their healthcare needs. Aim To examine and map the range of research undertaken in Brazil regarding care homes published in peer reviewed journals. Method This scoping review will consider all relevant peer-reviewed primary studies fully or partly conducted in Brazilian care homes including those which consider workforce (for example, e.g. healthcare professionals, care staff, and management level staff) and care home residents (older people aged 60 years and above), using empirical and original research focused on any health related topic. The searches will be conducted using bibliographic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS and Google Scholar) and manual searching of the reference lists of relevant studies published in English, Portuguese or Spanish from inception up to 2018. Two authors will independently screen each document by title and abstract against the eligibility criteria. In case of disagreement, a third reviewer will be consulted. Data from the included studies will be extracted and reported using tables, graphs, and narrative accounts using elements of content analysis. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool will be used to appraise the methodological quality of the included studies