Screening of gene regions for genetic diversity in global parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) populations

Parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) is an invasive species in more than 40 countries and a Weed of National Significance in Australia. It causes substantial losses to crop and pasture production and health problems in humans and livestock. The high invasive potential of this species is often attributed to its unique morphological features, competitive ability, and allelopathic potential; however, the level of genetic diversity in this species and how diversity contributes to its success is not currently clear. This study aimed to identify informative gene regions and sequences for the study of parthenium weed population genetics using samples collected from its introduced range in Australia (including two distinct biotypes) and the native ranges in Costa Rica, Mexico and the United States of America. Five gene regions were investigated including one nuclear region (ITS) and four chloroplast regions (trnH-psbA, trnL intron, trnL-trnF spacer and matK). Limited genetic diversity was found both in Australian and native populations, and our findings suggest that these gene regions are potentially not optimal for evaluation of population genetic diversity investigation in parthenium weed due to lack of polymorphism or that such genetic diversity is extremely limited. Our findings agree with previous reports of limited genetic variation observed in Australian, Chinese and Pakistan parthenium weed populations. Therefore, for future studies, we suggest the use of next generation sequencing approach such as targeted sequencing, RADseq (Restriction site Associated DNA Sequencing) or MassARRAY® to develop informative genetic markers for this species in an attempt to evaluate population diversity

Figure S3 from CD38 x ICAM-1 Bispecific Antibody Is a Novel Approach for Treating Multiple Myeloma and Lymphoma

ELISA Binding to recombinant CD38 and ICAM-1</p

Figure S1 from CD38 x ICAM-1 Bispecific Antibody Is a Novel Approach for Treating Multiple Myeloma and Lymphoma

CD38 and ICAM-1 expression levels by FACS</p

Figure S10 from CD38 x ICAM-1 Bispecific Antibody Is a Novel Approach for Treating Multiple Myeloma and Lymphoma

FACS and ADCC with or without Lenalidomide on NAMALWA cells</p

Figure S12 from CD38 x ICAM-1 Bispecific Antibody Is a Novel Approach for Treating Multiple Myeloma and Lymphoma

ICAM-1 and CD38 expression after TNFa treatment</p

Figure S11 from CD38 x ICAM-1 Bispecific Antibody Is a Novel Approach for Treating Multiple Myeloma and Lymphoma

Combination studies on MM CDX models</p