A short delirium caregiver questionnaire for triage of elderly outpatients with cognitive impairment:a development and test accuracy study

OBJECTIVES: Delirium is often missed in older outpatients. Caregivers can give valuable information that might improve identification rates. The aim of this study was to develop a short and sensitive delirium caregiver questionnaire (DCQ) for triage of elderly outpatients with cognitive impairment by telephone.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The pilot questionnaire was administered to 112 caregivers of patients who were referred for dementia screening to our clinic for geriatric psychiatry, and the final DCQ to 234 other caregivers.MEASUREMENTS: In phase I (2013-2014), we tested a pilot questionnaire with 17 items. Health professionals who established delirium diagnoses were blinded to the results. We then used the results and other information available at referral to construct the final DCQ with seven items. During phase II (2015-2016), we investigated the test accuracy of the final DCQ in a subsequent cohort. In both phases, the patients received a structured diagnostic workup. Time between referral and first visit was a secondary outcome.RESULTS: The final DCQ consisted of the following items: emergency visit required, sleeping disorder, fluctuating course, hallucinations, suspicious thoughts, previous delirium, and recent discharge from hospital. DCQ results indicated that urgent intake was required in 85 of 234 patients. Sensitivity was 73.5% (95% CI: 58.9-85.1%) and specificity 73.5% (95% CI: 66.5-79.7%). The mean number of days to first visit dropped from 31.6 to 11.2 in delirious patients (p = 0.001).CONCLUSIONS: Triage with the easy-to-use DCQ among patients referred for cognitive screening leads to earlier assessment and higher detection rates of delirium.</p

Enhancing survey‐based investment forecasts

We investigate the accuracy of capital investment predictors from a national business survey of South African manufacturing. Based on data available to correspondents at the time of survey completion, we propose variables that might affect the stability of their predictions. Having calibrated the survey predictors’ directional accuracy, we model the probability of a correct directional prediction using the proposed stability variables. For point forecasting, we compare the accuracy of rescaled survey forecasts with time series benchmarks and some survey/time series hybrid models. In addition, we model the magnitude of survey prediction errors using the stability variables. Directional forecast tests showed that three out of four survey predictors have value but are biased and inefficient. For shorter horizons we found survey forecasts, enhanced by time series data, significantly improved point forecasting accuracy. For longer horizons the survey predictors were as, or more, accurate than alternatives. The usefulness of the more accurate of the predictors examined is enhanced by auxiliary information: the probability of directional accuracy and the estimated error magnitude

A framework for integrating IT governance and business/IT alignment principles.

Highly information-intensive organisations such as retail banks continuously struggle with the key issues of controlling their IT-value and achieving business-IT alignment. One main reason might be that decision makers in retail banks do not use methods to plan or improve their business-IT alignment. This study provides such a method, combining principles of two well known concepts: IT governance and strategic alignment. The developed framework provides an allocation scheme for dividing strategic IT decisions between the business and IT domain by describing practical concepts to tackle the business-IT alignment enigma. The framework is validated by interviewing a number of experts from Dutch retail banks that are strongly challenged to optimise their IT value through business-IT alignment. The validation study largely supports the applicability of the framework. Furthermore, this study provides a window of opportunities to apply it to other industries, countries or specific IS/IT applications. (aut. ref.

Belbin role diversity and team performance: is there a relationship?

Purpose: This paper aims to test the relationship between team role diversity and team performance, as one of the main assumptions behind the highly cited and used Belbin model and test. Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected among 24 teams of 144 students that participated in different rounds of a management game. All students performed a Belbin role self-test prior to the management game. Performance of the teams was measured by the grade they received for the year-end report written, and the financial results they achieved at the end of the management game. Findings: No relationship was found between team role diversity and team performance. Also, it was found that the Belbin role of the team leader was not related to team performance as well. The only significant relationship found was between the individual study results of the team members and the grade they received for the year-end report. Research limitations/implications: Results might change if team performance is measured by other indicators, such as the level of in-team collaboration or collective motivation. Practical implications: It should not be expected that creating diversity of roles within teams automatically leads to better performance. Continuous improvement, recognizing the phase team development is in, should also be in place to balance team members and support their performance. Originality/value: This paper contributes to the empirical testing of assumptions and ideas behind Belbin's model and test. Given its limitations, it provides new triggers to conduct more, similar empirical research. (aut. ref.

IDENTIFYING SOME CONSTRAINTS IN FIRST YEAR ECONOMICS TEACHING AND LEARNING AT A TYPICAL SOUTH AFRICAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

This paper examines possible determinants of economics 1 performance at the Riverside campus of the Durban Institute of Technology. The study finds that high school subjects taken, age and gender are not significantly associated with economics achievement. Learner motivation, however, does appear to be associated with economics performance. Specifically, learners may find it difficult to relate meaningfully to the discipline's real content at least partly as a consequence of the philosophical framework within which it is delivered and partly because they do not have the textbook. A well-designed learner guide and workbook could go some way to demonstrating the relevance of economics and instilling in students more effective learning methods. The result could be a virtuous cycle of improved performance and greater learner motivation. Copyright (c) 2006 The Author. Journal compilation (c) 2006 Economic Society of South Africa.