Improving the resolution of Non-Invasive Time Domain Reflectometry

Non invasive time domain reflectometry (TDR) may be used to estimate the volumetric moisture content, θᵥ, with depth for a variety of sample materials. The forward physical model is couched in terms of a moments method where integration is performed over a discretised sample space to estimate the measured propagation time, tp down a pair of parallel transmission lines. We show that inverse solution to this, which recovers relative permittivity and thus θᵥ, is greatly facilitated by a simplification of the system geometry via, 1) realistically modeling the prior density of the sample, 2) using this prior with the inherent system symmetry to reduce the number of required discretisation cells, and 3) determining a physically meaningful reduction operator to allow a coarse discretisation mesh to be used. The observational equation is expressed in the Bayesian paradigm with the most accurate and robust solution obtained using the conditional mean of the posterior distribution constructed via a Monte Carlo method. Results of simulation show that the method is capable of providing accurate estimates of the moisture density profile down to a depth of 100 mm with an error < 4%. Further, the reduction in the number of discretised cells required to accurately estimate these profiles means that the inversion procedure is quick enough to enable the real time application of the equipment, a fundamental requirement in the development

Исследование остаточных углеводородов в ходе деструкции гептана углеводородокисляющими микроорганизмами рода Pseudomonas и Rodococcus

Molding of micro structures by injection molding leads to special requirements for the molds e.g. regarding wear resistance and low release forces of the molded components. At the same time it is not allowed to affect the replication precision. Physical vapor deposition (PVD) is one of the promising technologies for applying coatings with adapted properties like high hardness, low roughness, low Young's modulus and less adhesion to the melt of polymers. Physical vapor deposition technology allows the deposition of thin films on micro structures. Therefore, the influence of these PVD layers on the contour accuracy of the replicated micro structures has to be investigated. For this purpose injection mold inserts were laser structured with micro structures of different sizes and afterwards coated with two different coatings, which were deposited by a magnetron sputter ion plating PVD technology. After deposition, the coatings were analyzed by techniques regarding hardness, Young's modulus and morphology. The geometries of the micro structures were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy before and after coating. Afterwards, the coated mold inserts were used for injection molding experiments. During the injection molding process, a conventional and a variothermal temperature control of the molds were used. The molded parts were analyzed regarding roughness, structure height and structure width by means of laser microscopy

Развитие бизнес-процессов статистического управления качеством на Юргинском машзаводе

Micro-structured and thus functionalized surfaces offer high potentials for new approaches in processing techniques and product design. However, for mass production purposes quite a few challenges regarding the manufacturing of these surfaces have to be overcome. For the fast and economic production of large quantities of structured polymer films the extrusion embossing process is suitable. For embossing microstructures there are special requirements on temperature control because of the double function of the embossing roll. On the one hand the roll is used as an embossing roll with a high surface temperature to improve the embossing accuracy. On the other hand it is used as a cooling roll with a low surface temperature. Only by using variothermal heating systems these contradictory demands on the temperature control can be met. In order to achieve a high quality of the produced micro-structured films an integrative analysis and optimization of the entire process chain is required. This includes the manufacturing of suitable embossing rolls, the development of coating systems and the adaption of the extrusion process. This paper deals with the entire process chain for functionalized, super hydrophobic plastic parts with contact angles up to 165°. Therefore, conelike surface structures, mimicking the structure of lotus leaves, are replicated. Functionalized parts are produced in the injection molding as well as in the extrusion process; however, this paper focuses on the process chain of the extrusion process

The Higher-Order Prover Leo-II.

Leo-II is an automated theorem prover for classical higher-order logic. The prover has pioneered cooperative higher-order-first-order proof automation, it has influenced the development of the TPTP THF infrastructure for higher-order logic, and it has been applied in a wide array of problems. Leo-II may also be called in proof assistants as an external aid tool to save user effort. For this it is crucial that Leo-II returns proof information in a standardised syntax, so that these proofs can eventually be transformed and verified within proof assistants. Recent progress in this direction is reported for the Isabelle/HOL system.The Leo-II project has been supported by the following grants: EPSRC grant EP/D070511/1 and DFG grants BE/2501 6-1, 8-1 and 9-1.This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10817-015-9348-y