Reprogramming mRNA expression in response to defect in RNA polymerase III assembly in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae

The coordinated transcription of the genome is the fundamental mechanism in molecular biology. Transcription in eukaryotes is carried out by three main RNA polymerases: Pol I, II, and III. One basic problem is how a decrease in tRNA levels, by downregulating Pol III efficiency, influences the expression pattern of protein-coding genes. The purpose of this study was to determine the mRNA levels in the yeast mutant rpc128-1007 and its overdose suppressors, RBS1 and PRT1. The rpc128-1007 mutant prevents assembly of the Pol III complex and functionally mimics similar mutations in human Pol III, which cause hypomyelinating leukodystrophies. We applied RNAseq followed by the hierarchical clustering of our complete RNA-seq transcriptome and functional analysis of genes from the clusters. mRNA upregulation in rpc128-1007 cells was generally stronger than downregulation. The observed induction of mRNA expression was mostly indirect and resulted from the derepression of general transcription factor Gcn4, differently modulated by suppressor genes. rpc128-1007 mutation, regardless of the presence of suppressors, also resulted in a weak increase in the expression of ribosome biogenesis genes. mRNA genes that were downregulated by the reduction of Pol III assembly comprise the proteasome complex. In summary, our results provide the regulatory links affected by Pol III assembly that contribute differently to cellular fitness

A rare sequence variant in intron 1 of THAP1 is associated with primary dystonia

Although coding variants in THAP1 have been causally associated with primary dystonia, the contribution of noncoding variants remains uncertain. Herein, we examine a previously identified Intron 1 variant (c.71+9C>A, rs200209986). Among 1672 subjects with mainly adult-onset primary dystonia, 12 harbored the variant in contrast to 1/1574 controls (P < 0.01). Dystonia classification included cervical dystonia (N = 3), laryngeal dystonia (adductor subtype, N = 3), jaw-opening oromandibular dystonia (N = 1), blepharospasm (N = 2), and unclassified (N = 3). Age of dystonia onset ranged from 25 to 69 years (mean = 54 years). In comparison to controls with no identified THAP1 sequence variants, the c.71+9C>A variant was associated with an elevated ratio of Isoform 1 (NM_018105) to Isoform 2 (NM_199003) in leukocytes. In silico and minigene analyses indicated that c.71+9C>A alters THAP1 splicing. Lymphoblastoid cells harboring the c.71+9C>A variant showed extensive apoptosis with relatively fewer cells in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. Differentially expressed genes from lymphoblastoid cells revealed that the c.71+9C>A variant exerts effects on DNA synthesis, cell growth and proliferation, cell survival, and cytotoxicity. In aggregate, these data indicate that THAP1 c.71+9C>A is a risk factor for adult-onset primary dystonia

Cyanamide mode of action during inhibition of onion (Allium cepa L.) root growth involves disturbances in cell division and cytoskeleton formation

Cyanamide is an allelochemical produced by hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.). Its phyotoxic effect on plant growth was examined on roots of onion (Allium cepa L.) bulbs. Water solution of cyanamide (2–10 mM) restricted growth of onion roots in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment of onion roots with cyanamide resulted in a decrease in root growth rate accompanied by a decrease in accumulation of fresh and dry weight. The inhibitory effect of cyanamide was reversed by its removal from the environment, but full recovery was observed only for tissue treated with this chemical at low concentration (2–6 mM). Cytological observations of root tip cells suggest that disturbances in cell division may explain the strong cyanamide allelopathic activity. Moreover, in cyanamide-treated onion the following changes were detected: reduction of mitotic cells, inhibition of proliferation of meristematic cells and cell cycle, and modifications of cytoskeleton arrangement

Melting Process of the Sn-45 wt.% In and Sn-77 wt.% In Alloys as Viewed by Positron Annihilation

The temperature dependences of the positron annihilation parameters F and R were determined for Sn-45 wt.% In and Sn-77 wt.% In alloys. The obtained results enabled to verify the vacancy and the quasicrystalline models of the melting process. It was found that for metals transforming into the liquid state from the structures different than the close packed structure, the melting transition are hardly explainable in terms of the vacancy model of melting. The strong trapping of positrons in metallic liquids is an indication of the presence of microvoids (vacancy clusters) or microcrystals containing defects more immense than vacancies. The share of these positron trapping centers in the volume of metallic liquids is constant or decreases with increasing temperature. The obtained results demonstrate the particular applicability of the positron annihilation method for studies of defect kinetics in metallic liquids

Melting Process of the Sn-45 wt.% In and Sn-77 wt.% In Alloys as Viewed by Positron Annihilation

The temperature dependences of the positron annihilation parameters F and R were determined for Sn-45 wt.% In and Sn-77 wt.% In alloys. The obtained results enabled to verify the vacancy and the quasicrystalline models of the melting process. It was found that for metals transforming into the liquid state from the structures different than the close packed structure, the melting transition are hardly explainable in terms of the vacancy model of melting. The strong trapping of positrons in metallic liquids is an indication of the presence of microvoids (vacancy clusters) or microcrystals containing defects more immense than vacancies. The share of these positron trapping centers in the volume of metallic liquids is constant or decreases with increasing temperature. The obtained results demonstrate the particular applicability of the positron annihilation method for studies of defect kinetics in metallic liquids

Zarządzanie ryzykiem a podejmowanie decyzji w przedsiębiorstwach transportowych

W artykule omówione zostało zagadnienie ryzyka i zarządzania ryzykiem na przykładzie firm transportowych. Podjęto próbę analizy wpływu podejmowania decyzji i związanego z tym ryzyka na zarządzanie przedsiębiorstwem transportowym.The article discusses the issue of risk and risk management on the example of transport companies. Attempted to analyze the impact of the decision-making and the related risk management of a transport undertaking

Investigation, of Solid-Liquid Phase Transition for Sn-54wt%In Alloy by Positron Anihilation Spectroscopy

The peak coincidence counting rate F(T) was measured for Sn-54wt%In alloy at the temperature range from room temperature to 400°C. It was observed that for both heating and cooling run, F(Τ) parameter changes in the liquid phase. These changes were related to disintegration of SnII microcrystals. From a simple trapping model the defect disintegration enthalpy, H$\text{}_{1}$, was calculated. For heating and cooling run, the value of H$\text{}_{1}$ was 0.53 ± 0.03 eV and 0.67 ± 0.07 eV, respectively. For well-annealed and cold rolled samples we find only one component, equal 200 ps, in the lifetime spectrum

The role of transport companies in economic development of the country

W artykule omówiona została rola przedsiębiorstw transportowych w rozwoju gospodarczym kraju. Przedstawiono definicje rozwoju gospodarczego oraz przedsiębiorstwa transportowego. Omówione zostało znaczenie przedsiębiorstw transportowych dla rozwoju gospodarczego.The article discusses the role of transport companies in economic development of the country. Definitions of economic development and transport companies and transport companies to the importance of economic development

Investigation of the Absorption of Annihilation Quanta in Solid and Liquid Ga and BiSn Alloy

Absorption of positron annihilation quanta in Ga and Bi$\text{}_{40}$Sn$\text{}_{60}$ alloy in the solid and the liquid phase was investigated. It was found that the mechanism of absorption of annihilation quanta changes on passing from the solid to the liquid state. Results of measurements for Ga and Bi$\text{}_{40}$Sn$\text{}_{60}$ alloy show that for metals changing their density at the melting point the photopeak profiles are modified: their centers of gravity in liquid phase are displaced with respect to those in the solid phase and the number of counts under the photopeak changes, too

Positron Annihilation in Solid and Liquid Bi40\text{}_{40}Sn60\text{}_{60} Alloy

The peak counting rate, F(T), for Bi$\text{}_{40}$Sn$\text{}_{60}$ alloy in the temperature range from room temperature to 400°C was measured in three consecutive heating-cooling runs. Significant changes in F(T) were observed in the temperature interval between the solidus and liquidus temperature. The magnitude of these anomalies systematically diminishes in consecutive heating-cooling runs. Noticeable changes of values of F(T) parameter in the liquid alloy were observed, too. These effects were connected with trapping of positrons at the grain boundaries-defects and in the short-range ordered regions in the liquid alloy. Also microscopic structure of sample before and after measurements cycles was observed