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Charging and Growth of Fractal Dust Grains
The structure and evolution of aggregate grains formed within a plasma
environment are dependent upon the charge acquired by the micron-sized dust
grains during the coagulation process. The manner in which the charge is
arranged on developing irregular structures can affect the fractal dimension of
aggregates formed during collisions, which in turn influences the coagulation
rate and size evolution of the dust within the plasma cloud. This paper
presents preliminary models for the charge and size evolution of fractal
aggregates immersed in a plasma environment calculated using a modification to
the orbital-motion-limited (OML) theory. Primary electron and ion currents
incident on points on the aggregate surface are determined using a
line-of-sight (LOS) approximation: only those electron or ion trajectories
which are not blocked by another grain within the aggregate contribute to the
charging current. Using a self-consistent iterative approach, the equilibrium
charge and dipole moment are calculated for the dust aggregate. The charges are
then used to develop a heuristic charging scheme which can be implemented in
coagulation models. While most coagulation theories assume that it is difficult
for like-charged grains to coagulate, the OML_LOS approximation indicates that
the electric potentials of aggregate structures are often reduced enough to
allow significant coagulation to occur
Effects of the Charge-Dipole Interaction on the Coagulation of Fractal Aggregates
A numerical model with broad applications to complex (dusty) plasmas is
presented. The self-consistent N-body code allows simulation of the coagulation
of fractal aggregates, including the charge-dipole interaction of the clusters
due to the spatial arrangement of charge on the aggregate. It is shown that not
only does a population of oppositely charged particles increase the coagulation
rate, the inclusion of the charge-dipole interaction of the aggregates as well
as the electric dipole potential of the dust ensemble decreases the gelation
time by a factor of up to twenty. It is further shown that these interactions
can also stimulate the onset of gelation, or "runaway growth," even in a
population of particles charged to a monopotential where previously it was
believed that like-charged grains would inhibit coagulation. Gelation is
observed to occur due to the formation of high-mass aggregates with fractal
dimensions greater than two which act as seeds for runaway growth.Comment: 9 page
Structural Phases of Bounded Three-Dimensional Screened Coulomb Clusters (Finite Yukawa System)
The formation of three-dimensional (3D) dust clusters within a complex plasma
modeled as a spatially confined Yukawa system is simulated using the box_tree
code. Similar to unscreened Coulomb clusters, the occurrence of concentric
shells with characteristic occupation numbers was observed. Both the occupation
numbers and radii were found to depend on the Debye length. Ground and low
energy meta-stable states of the shielded 3D Coulomb clusters were determined
for 4<N<20. The structure and energy of the clusters in different states was
analyzed for various Debye lengths. Structural phase transitions, including
inter-shell structural phase transitions and intra-shell structural phase
transitions, were observed for varying Debye length and the critical value for
transitions calculated
Helical Structures in Vertically Aligned Dust Particle Chains in a Complex Plasma
Self-assembly of structures from vertically aligned, charged dust particle
bundles within a glass box placed on the lower, powered electrode of a RF GEC
cell were produced and examined experimentally. Self-organized formation of
one-dimensional vertical chains, two-dimensional zigzag structures and
three-dimensional helical structures of triangular, quadrangular, pentagonal,
hexagonal, and heptagonal symmetries are shown to occur. System evolution is
shown to progress from a one-dimensional chain structure, through a zigzag
transition to a two-dimensional, spindle-like structure and then to various
three-dimensional, helical structures exhibiting multiple symmetries. Stable
configurations are found to be dependent upon the system confinement, (where
are the horizontal and vertical dust resonance frequencies), the total number
of particles within a bundle and the RF power. For clusters having fixed
numbers of particles, the RF power at which structural transitions occur is
repeatable and exhibits no observable hysteresis. The critical conditions for
these structural transitions as well as the basic symmetry exhibited by the
one-, two- and three-dimensional structures that subsequently develop are in
good agreement with the theoretically predicted configurations of minimum
energy determined employing molecular dynamics simulations for charged dust
particles confined in a prolate, spheroidal potential as presented
theoretically by Kamimura and Ishihara [10]
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