The Work of the Second Hague Conference

The second Hague Conference came to an end on October 18, 1907, after sitting for more than four months. In the popular mind the Conference has been dismissed as a failure. No sensational actions were taken, and the quiet and solid work of a group of international lawyers has had little attraction for the general public. It is, however, worth while to make a plain statement of what the Conference did and did not accomplish. The first Hague Conference in 1899 was essentially a peace conference. The question of partial disarmament was put at the head of the Russian program for that meeting and when no scheme embodying this proposal received favorable consideration, the conference was called a failure. But after eight years we know that it was not a failure, and that it will rank as one of the most important meetings in the world\u27s history

The Recall and the Political Responsibility of Judges

The movement for the recall of State officers is one which has became important only within the past three or four years. The first application of the recall as a modem institution in the United States appears to have been in Los Angeles in 19o3, where the institution was adopted in the amendment of the charter framed by that city. From Los Angeles the recall as applicable only to municipal officers spread to other California cities, and has now been rather widely adopted in other States. The first State constitutional amendment with respect to the recall, that of California in 1906, provided that municipal charters should control with respect to the tenure of office or dismissal from office of municipal officers or employees. The first State-wide provision for a recall of public officers was that inserted into the constitution of Oregon by an amendment adopted on June I, 1908. A proposal in substantially the same terms af the Oregon provision was incorporated into the proposed constitution of Arizona, which was approved by a vote of the people of that territory on February 9, 1911, and a somewhat similar provision was adopted as a constitutional amendment by a vote of the people of California on October 1O, 1911

Slow 4He^{4}He Quenches Produce Fuzzy, Transient Vortices

We examine the Zurek scenario for the production of vortices in quenches of liquid $^{4}He$ in the light of recent experiments. Extending our previous results to later times, we argue that short wavelength thermal fluctuations make vortices poorly defined until after the transition has occurred. Further, if and when vortices appear, it is plausible that that they will decay faster than anticipated from turbulence experiments, irrespective of quench rates.Comment: 4 pages, Revtex file, no figures Apart from a more appropriate title, this paper differs from its predecessor by including temperature, as well as pressure, quenche

An analytical study of resonant transport of Bose-Einstein condensates

We study the stationary nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation, or Gross-Pitaevskii equation, for a one--dimensional finite square well potential. By neglecting the mean--field interaction outside the potential well it is possible to discuss the transport properties of the system analytically in terms of ingoing and outgoing waves. Resonances and bound states are obtained analytically. The transmitted flux shows a bistable behaviour. Novel crossing scenarios of eigenstates similar to beak--to--beak structures are observed for a repulsive mean-field interaction. It is proven that resonances transform to bound states due to an attractive nonlinearity and vice versa for a repulsive nonlinearity, and the critical nonlinearity for the transformation is calculated analytically. The bound state wavefunctions of the system satisfy an oscillation theorem as in the case of linear quantum mechanics. Furthermore, the implications of the eigenstates on the dymamics of the system are discussed.Comment: RevTeX4, 16 pages, 19 figure

I see happy people: Attention bias towards happy but not angry facial expressions in Williams syndrome

Introduction: Observations of behaviour and research using eye-tracking technology have shown that individuals with Williams syndrome (WS) pay an unusual amount of attention to other people’s faces. The present research examines whether this attention to faces is moderated by the valence of emotional expression. Method: Sixteen participants with WS aged between 13 and 29 years (Mean=19 years 9 months) completed a dot-probe task in which pairs of faces displaying happy, angry and neutral expressions were presented. The performance of the WS group was compared to two groups of typically developing control participants, individually matched to the participants in the WS group on either chronological age or mental age. General mental age was assessed in the WS group using the Woodcock Johnson Test of Cognitive Ability Revised (WJ-COG-R; Woodcock & Johnson, 1989; 1990). Results: Compared to both control groups, the WS group exhibited a greater attention bias for happy faces. In contrast, no between-group differences in bias for angry faces were obtained. Conclusions: The results are discussed in relation to recent neuroimaging findings and the hypersocial behaviour that is characteristic of the WS population

Nucleon mass and pion loops: Renormalization

Using Dyson--Schwinger equations, the nucleon propagator is analyzed nonperturbatively in a field--theoretical model for the pion--nucleon interaction. Infinities are circumvented by using pion--nucleon form factors which define the physical scale. It is shown that the correct, finite, on--shell nucleon renormalization is important for the value of the mass--shift and the propagator. For physically acceptable forms of the pion--nucleon form factor the rainbow approximation together with renormalization is inconsistent. Going beyond the rainbow approximation, the full pion--nucleon vertex is modelled by its bare part plus a one--loop correction including an effective $\Delta$. It is found that a consistent value for the nucleon mass--shift can be obtained as a consequence of a subtle interplay between wave function and vertex renormalization. Furthermore, the bare and renormalized pion--nucleon coupling constant are approximately equal, consistent with results from the Cloudy Bag Model.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figure

Tzitz\'eica transformation is a dressing action

We classify the simplest rational elements in a twisted loop group, and prove that dressing actions of them on proper indefinite affine spheres give the classical Tzitz\'eica transformation and its dual. We also give the group point of view of the Permutability Theorem, construct complex Tzitz\'eica transformations, and discuss the group structure for these transformations

Psychopathology in Williams syndrome: the effect of individual differences across the lifespan

The present research aimed to comprehensively explore psychopathology in Williams syndrome (WS) across the lifespan and evaluate the relationship between psychopathology and age category (child or adult), gender and cognitive ability. The parents of 50 participants with WS, aged 6-50 years, were interviewed using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children (K-SADS-PL). The prevalence of a wide range of Axis I DSM-IV disorders was assessed. In addition to high rates of anxiety and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (38% and 20% respectively), 14% of our sample met criteria for a depressive disorder and 42% of participants were not experiencing any significant psychopathological difficulties. There was some evidence for different patterns of psychopathology between children and adults with WS and between males and females. These relationships were largely in keeping with those found in the typically developing population, thus supporting the validity of applying theory and treatment approaches for psychopathology in the typically developing population to WS