42 research outputs found
Direct Observation of a Superconducting Vortex Diode
The interplay between magnetism and superconductivity can lead to
unconventional proximity and Josephson effects. A related phenomenon that has
recently attracted considerable attention is the superconducting diode effect,
in which a non-reciprocal critical current emerges. Although superconducting
diodes based on superconducting/ferromagnetic (S/F) bilayers were demonstrated
more than a decade ago, the precise underlying mechanism remains unclear. While
not formally linked to this effect, the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinikov (FFLO)
state is a plausible mechanism, due to the 2-fold rotational symmetry breaking
caused by the finite center-of-mass-momentum of the Cooper pairs. Here, we
directly observe, for the first time, a tunable superconducting vortex diode in
Nb/EuS (S/F) bilayers. Based on our nanoscale SQUID-on-tip (SOT) microscope and
supported by in-situ transport measurements, we propose a theoretical model
that captures our key results. Thus, we determine the origin for the vortex
diode effect, which builds a foundation for new device concepts
Mechanism by Which Serotonin, Norepinephrine and Reserpine Cause Central Vasomotor Inhibition
A new strategy for durable control of late blight in potato by a single soil application of an oxathiapiprolin mixture in early season
Adaptación y validación de la MSLSS de satisfacción vital multidimensional con una muestra de adolescentes
Human liver stem cells attenuate concanavalin A-induced acute liver injury by modulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells and CD4+ T cells in mice
Taming the massive genome of Scots pine with PiSy50k, a new genotyping array for conifer research
Abstract
Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) is the most widespread coniferous tree in the boreal forests of Eurasia, with major economic and ecological importance. However, its large and repetitive genome presents a challenge for conducting genome-wide analyses such as association studies, genetic mapping and genomic selection. We present a new 50K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping array for Scots pine research, breeding and other applications. To select the SNP set, we first genotyped 480 Scots pine samples on a 407 540 SNP screening array and identified 47 712 high-quality SNPs for the final array (called ‘PiSy50k’). Here, we provide details of the design and testing, as well as allele frequency estimates from the discovery panel, functional annotation, tissue-specific expression patterns and expression level information for the SNPs or corresponding genes, when available. We validated the performance of the PiSy50k array using samples from Finland and Scotland. Overall, 39 678 (83.2%) SNPs showed low error rates (mean = 0.9%). Relatedness estimates based on array genotypes were consistent with the expected pedigrees, and the level of Mendelian error was negligible. In addition, array genotypes successfully discriminate between Scots pine populations of Finnish and Scottish origins. The PiSy50k SNP array will be a valuable tool for a wide variety of future genetic studies and forestry applications