The effect of anion channel blockers on enzymatic activity of Na+/K+-ATPase and the electrogenic Na+/K+ pump

AbstractDisulfonic stilbenes which block the anion-transport in red blood cells were found to inhibit the brain microsomal Na+/K+-ATPase but not the electrogenic Na+/K+ pump in intact muscle cells. In contrast to the anion-transport system, the Na+/K+-ATPase is inhibited by disulfonic stilbenes, apparently from the cytoplasmic side of the membrane. The pathways for anion and active cation transport are thus different but similar groups of sulfhydryl and/or amino acid residues must play an important role in both systems

Postnatal Development of Blood Serum Concentrations of Immunoglobulin IgG, IgA and IgM Isotypes in Suckling Foal

Postnatal changes in concentrations of immunoglobulin IgG, IgM and IgA isotypes from birth until the age of five months were monitored by the ELISA method. The experiment was performed in a group of 52 thoroughbred foals and their mothers. Among the investigated animals, failure of colostral immunity transfer was recorded in only four foals (7.7 percent). The concentrations of immunoglobulin IgG and IgA isotypes primarily decreased during the first weeks of life and then gradually increased until the end of the investigated period. The concentrations of immunoglobulin IgG isotype reached the values of adult animals by the end of the investigated period. However, immunoglobulin IgA isotype did not reach those values during the entire investigated period. The concentrations of immunoglobulin IgM isotype were quite rapidly increasing from the birth on. The beginning of active antibody formation was inversely proportional to the level of colostral immunoglobulins

Is it really advantageous to operate proximal femoral fractures within 48 h from diagnosis? – A multicentric retrospective study exploiting COVID pandemic-related delays in time to surgery

Objectives: Hip fractures in the elderly are common injuries that need timely surgical management. Since the beginning of the pandemic, patients with a proximal femoral fracture (PFF) experienced a delay in time to surgery. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate a possible variation in mortality in patients with PFF when comparing COVID-19 negative versus positive. Methods: This is a multicentric and retrospective study including 3232 patients with PFF who underwent surgical management. The variables taken into account were age, gender, the time elapsed between arrival at the emergency room and intervention, pre-operative American Society of Anesthesiology score, pre-operative cardiovascular and respiratory disease, and 10-day/1-month/6-month mortality. For 2020, we had an additional column, “COVID-19 swab positivity.” Results: COVID-19 infection represents an independent mortality risk factor in patients with PFFs. Despite the delay in time-to-surgery occurring in 2020, no statistically significant variation in terms of mortality was detected. Within our sample, a statistically significant difference was not detected in terms of mortality at 6 months, in patients operated within and beyond 48 h, as well as no difference between those operated within or after 12/24/72 h. The mortality rate among subjects with PFF who tested positive for COVID-19 was statistically significantly higher than in patients with PFF who tested. COVID-19 positivity resulted in an independent factor for mortality after PFF. Conclusion: Despite the most recent literature recommending operating PFF patients as soon as possible, no significant difference in mortality was found among patients operated before or after 48 h from diagnosis

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