Nanometer size hole fabrication in 2d ultrathin films with cluster ion beams

Gas cluster ion beams are proposed as a new tool for producing nanometer sized holes in ultrathin 2D films. Surfaces of films of graphene, graphene oxide, MoS2, and HOPG, and also silicon as a reference, were irradiated by Ar gas cluster ion beams (Exogenesis Corporation, Billerica, MA USA). The results were analyzed using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Raman spectroscopy. Ar gas cluster ion acceleration energy was 30 keV and total ion fluences ranged from 1108 to 11013 cm-2. Uniformly distributed holes, typically in the range of 10 to 25 nanometers in diameter, produced by the cluster ions, were observed on the surface of graphene oxide. To the best of our knowledge, this is first experimental observation of such hole

СПЕКТР МУТАЦИЙ ГЕНА BRCA1 У БОЛЬНЫХ РАКОМ МОЛОЧНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ В МОЛОДОМ ВОЗРАСТЕ В РОССИИ

Aim of the study. Aim of the study was to estimate the occurrence of pathogenic mutations in the BRCA1 gene in Russian breast cancer patients.Material and methods. Complete coding sequence of the BRCA1 gene of 445 early onset  breast cancer patients (under 40 years) from Novosibirsk region (Russia) were analyzed by  targeted Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) using Ion Torrent platform. Results. Forty (9%) carriers of various pathogenic mutations were revealed. Thirty five (7,9%) patients  carried 5382insC mutation, described earlier as a founder mutation for Slavic population.  Five (1.1%) patients carried various pathogenic mutations, namely C61G, 462delCC, E143X,  4153delA, and IVS18+1G>T. Besides, 29 genetic variants with no clinical significance or with  unknown clinical significance were detected in BRCA1 gene among 445 early onset breast  cancer patients. Conclusions. Data on the frequency of genetic variations in the BRCA1 gene among early onset breast cancer patients in the Novosibirsk Region (Russia) were  obtained. Proportion of the 5382insC mutation is 87.5% of all pathogenic mutations in the BRCA1 gene found in patients.Цель исследования – оценить частоту встречаемости патогенных мутаций в BRCA1 гене у женщин с раком молочной железы, проживающих в России.Материал и методы. Проведён анализ полной кодирующей части гена BRCA1 у 445 больных раком молочной  железы на ранней стадии (возраст больных до 40 лет), проживающих в Новосибирской области (Россия), с  помощью метода таргетного секвенирования на платформе Ion Torrent. Результаты. Выявлено 40 (9 %)  носительниц различных патогенных мутаций. У 35 (7,9 %) пациенток обнаружена мутация 5382insC, описанная  ранее как «мутация-основателя» в славянской популяции. У 5 (1,1 %) пациенток были выявлены  другие различные патогенные мутации, а именно C61G, 462delCC, E143X, 4153delA и IVS18 + 1G> T. Кроме  того, 29 генетических вариантов с отсутствующей или неясной клинической значимостью были обнаружены в  гене BRCA1 у 445 больных раком молочной железы на ранней стадии. Выводы. Получены данные о частоте  генетических вариаций гена BRCA1 у больных раком молочной железы на ранней стадии, проживающих в  Новосибирской области (Россия). Доля мутации 5382insC составляет 87,5 % от всех патогенных мутаций в гене BRCA1, обнаруженных у пациенток

Nanometer size hole fabrication in 2d ultrathin films with cluster ion beams

Gas cluster ion beams are proposed as a new tool for producing nanometer sized holes in ultrathin 2D films. Surfaces of films of graphene, graphene oxide, MoS2, and HOPG, and also silicon as a reference, were irradiated by Ar gas cluster ion beams (Exogenesis Corporation, Billerica, MA USA). The results were analyzed using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Raman spectroscopy. Ar gas cluster ion acceleration energy was 30 keV and total ion fluences ranged from 1×108 to 1×1013 cm-2. Uniformly distributed holes, typically in the range of 10 to 25 nanometers in diameter, produced by the cluster ions, were observed on the surface of graphene oxide. To the best of our knowledge, this is first experimental observation of such holes

Multiscale simulation of ion beam impacts on a graphene surface

Multiscale study of single and multilayer graphene irradiation is presented in this paper. Ab-initio density-functional theory (DFT) was used to study point defects, and a large scale parallel molecular-dynamics (MD) simulations were used for studying formation of gas cluster ion impacts. Moreover, Raman spectra of pure and defect graphene samples were studied from DFT calculations. Threshold energies for creating craters on the surface of graphene were obtained from MD and compared with published papers. The results of simulations were also compared with experimental craters and surface shape

Fostering the creation of a Digital Ecosystem by a distributed IEC-61499 based automation platform

Daedalus is conceived to enable the full exploitationof the CPS’ virtualized intelligence concept, through the adoptionof a completely distributed automation platform based on IEC-61499 standard, fostering the creation of a Digital Ecosystem thatcould go beyond the current limits of manufacturing controlsystems and propose an ever-growing market of innovativesolutions for the design, engineering, production and maintenanceof plants’ automation