Regional differentiation of human potential indicators

The purpose of the study presented in this article is an interregional analysis of human potential. The quality of the population proper is investigated at the regional level far less than the quality of the population life. The article provides an extended characteristic of human potential in seven directions: economic activity, demographic processes, physical health, the cultural potential of population, social health, educational potential, the attitude of population to the environment. On the basis of official statistics for 2008–2012, there were selected 63 indicators characterizing human potential in all these directions. In the final result, the correlation analysis has led to the substantiation of the system of indicators for the level of human potential development, consisting of 10 indicators. The system included 3 economic indicators and 7 social indicators characterizing human potential. Upon these indicators the Russian regions were divided in two types of regions by means of hierarchic agglomerative (combining) methods of cluster analysis: the regions with economic indicators and without them. The performed calculations provided the typology of regions by the human potential indicators being stable over time and covering 74.4 % of the Russian population. A substantial interpretation of breaking down regions by groups, identification of both strong and weak aspects of each cluster were made, finding out specific features of the regions falling under the clusters. The obtained results can be used when working out measures for reducing the interregional inequality in the levels of human potential development. To find out what measures can be effective, it is possible to examine the strategic directions of regions’ development in the cluster that is the most successful with respect to the human potential characteristics under investigation

Formation of Ge-Sn nanodots on Si(100) surfaces by molecular beam epitaxy

The surface morphology of Ge0.96Sn0.04/Si(100) heterostructures grown at temperatures from 250 to 450°C by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning tunnel microscopy (STM) ex situ has been studied. The statistical data for the density of Ge0.96Sn0.04 nanodots (ND) depending on their lateral size have been obtained. Maximum density of ND (6 × 1011 cm-2) with the average lateral size of 7 nm can be obtained at 250°C. Relying on the reflection of high energy electron diffraction, AFM, and STM, it is concluded that molecular beam growth of Ge1-xSnx heterostructures with the small concentrations of Sn in the range of substrate temperatures from 250 to 450°C follows the Stranski-Krastanow mechanism. Based on the technique of recording diffractometry of high energy electrons during the process of epitaxy, the wetting layer thickness of Ge0.96Sn0.04 films is found to depend on the temperature of the substrate

Regional Differentiation of Human Potential Indicators

The purpose of the article is the interregional analysis of human potential. In comparison with the quality of life of the population, the quality of population itself is studied far less. The article presents an expanded characteristic of human potential in seven directions: economic activity, demographic processes, physical health, cultural potential, social health, educational potential and the attitude of the population to the environment. On the basis of statistics for 2008–2012 years, 63 indicators of human potential for all directions are selected. In the final result, the correlation analysis has led to the substantiation of the system of indicators consisting of 10 indicators. Three economic and seven social indicators characterizing human potential are included into this system. On the basis of the indicators by means of hierarchical agglomerative methods of cluster analysis, a classification of the Russian regions is carried out in two versions: with economic indicators and without them. The result of the calculations is a stable temporal typology of regions by indicators of human potential covering 74.4 % of the population of Russia. The article provides a substantial interpretation of dividing regions into groups, identifies the strengths and weaknesses of each cluster, shows the specific features of the regions included into the clusters. The obtained results can be used in the development of measures for the reduction of the interregional inequality in terms of human potential. It is possible to define what measures can be effective by studying the strategic directions of the development of regions in the cluster which is the most successful regarding the characteristics of human potential

Studying physical and mechanical characteristics of corn feed

The use of condensed extract in the production of corn feed contributes to the improvement of their nutritional and biological value. The rheological properties of the feed material are of great importance in the mechanical interaction with the working bodies of the machines, in the movement of viscous media along technological conveyors, as well as in the intensification of heat exchange processes. The technique, laboratory equipment and the results of studies of physical and mechanical characteristics of corn feed are presented. The viscosity properties of the corn extract are investigated depending on the temperature. It is shown that when decreasing the temperature, the viscosity of the corn extract increases due to the aggregation of its components, which characterizes the non-Newtonian flow of the extract. The coefficient of external friction of the pulp and extract mixture in the technology of preparing corn feed allows calculating the geometry of the storage tanks and energy costs of the processes. The change in the coefficients of friction of corn feed when interacting with various surfaces, depending on the content of dry substances. The specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of the extract and corn feed were determined and investigated. It has been revealed that the dependences of the thermo-physical parameters of the extract and corn feed on the solids content are non-linear in nature, monotonously decreasing when increasing the concentration of solids

Research of some physical and mechanical characteristics of cow’s udder nipples

A rational technology for cows’ machine milking when tie-up housing should provide for the development of technical equipment that meets the physiological requirements for a dairy cow and ensure complete and safe milking. In this regard, the task of determining and refining certain parameters of the physical-mechanical characteristics of the mammary gland of a cow becomes urgent. When choosing the rational mass of the suspended part of the vacuum milking machine, one should know the pressure transmitted by the teat cup liner to the body of the nipple of the animal when milking, which makes possible to establish the obtained analytical formula. It was found that the higher the deflection of the walls of the stretched teat cup liner, the higher the pressure caused by it on the nipple of the cow’s udder. Analysis of the distribution of diameters and lengths of the nipples of the mammary gland of cows showed that their sizes vary in wide ranges. Elongations of nipples depend nonlinearly on the acting tension, and the values of the elastic modulus and the transverse strain coefficient vary over a wide range

Pulsar scintillation studies with LOFAR:II. Dual-frequency scattering study of PSR J0826+2637 with LOFAR and NenuFAR

Interstellar scattering (ISS) of radio pulsar emission can be used as a probe of the ionized interstellar medium (IISM) and causes corruptions in pulsar timing experiments. Two types of ISS phenomena (intensity scintillation and pulse broadening) are caused by electron density fluctuations on small scales (&lt; 0.01 au). Theory predicts that these are related, and both have been widely employed to study the properties of the IISM. Larger scales (∼1 – 100 au) cause measurable changes in dispersion and these can be correlated with ISS observations to estimate the fluctuation spectrum over a very wide scale range. IISM measurements can often be modelled by a homogeneous power-law spatial spectrum of electron density with the Kolmogorov (−11/3) spectral exponent. Here, we aim to test the validity of using the Kolmogorov exponent with PSR J0826+2637. We do so using observations of intensity scintillation, pulse broadening and dispersion variations across a wide fractional bandwidth (20–180 MHz). We present that the frequency dependence of the intensity scintillation in the high-frequency band matches the expectations of a Kolmogorov spectral exponent, but the pulse broadening in the low-frequency band does not change as rapidly as predicted with this assumption. We show that this behaviour is due to an inhomogeneity in the scattering region, specifically that the scattering is dominated by a region of transverse size ∼40 au. The power spectrum of the electron density, however, maintains the Kolmogorov spectral exponent from spatial scales of 5 × 10−6 au to ∼100 au.</p

Pulsar Scintillation Studies with LOFAR: II. Dual-frequency scattering study of PSR J0826+2637 with LOFAR and NenuFAR

Wu Z, Coles WA, Verbiest J, et al. Pulsar Scintillation Studies with LOFAR: II. Dual-frequency scattering study of PSR J0826+2637 with LOFAR and NenuFAR. 2023.Interstellar scattering (ISS) of radio pulsar emission can be used as a probe of the ionised interstellar medium (IISM) and causes corruptions in pulsar timing experiments. Two types of ISS phenomena (intensity scintillation and pulse broadening) are caused by electron density fluctuations on small scales (&lt; 0.01 AU). Theory predicts that these are related, and both have been widely employed to study the properties of the IISM. Larger scales ($\sim$1-100\,AU) cause measurable changes in dispersion and these can be correlated with ISS observations to estimate the fluctuation spectrum over a very wide scale range. IISM measurements can often be modeled by a homogeneous power-law spatial spectrum of electron density with the Kolmogorov ($-11/3$) spectral exponent. Here we aim to test the validity of using the Kolmogorov exponent with PSR~J0826+2637. We do so using observations of intensity scintillation, pulse broadening and dispersion variations across a wide fractional bandwidth (20 -- 180\,MHz). We present that the frequency dependence of the intensity scintillation in the high frequency band matches the expectations of a Kolmogorov spectral exponent but the pulse broadening in the low frequency band does not change as rapidly as predicted with this assumption. We show that this behavior is due to an inhomogeneity in the scattering region, specifically that the scattering is dominated by a region of transverse size $\sim$40\,AU. The power spectrum of the electron density, however, maintains the Kolmogorov spectral exponent from spatial scales of 5$\times10^{-6}$\,AU to $\sim$100\,AU

Pulsar Scintillation Studies with LOFAR: II. Dual-frequency scattering study of PSR J0826+2637 with LOFAR and NenuFAR

Wu Z, Coles WA, Verbiest J, et al. Pulsar Scintillation Studies with LOFAR: II. Dual-frequency scattering study of PSR J0826+2637 with LOFAR and NenuFAR. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2023: stad429.Interstellar scattering (ISS) of radio pulsar emission can be used as a probe of the ionised interstellar medium (IISM) and causes corruptions in pulsar timing experiments. Two types of ISS phenomena (intensity scintillation and pulse broadening) are caused by electron density fluctuations on small scales (&lt; 0.01 AU). Theory predicts that these are related, and both have been widely employed to study the properties of the IISM. Larger scales (∼1-100 AU) cause measurable changes in dispersion and these can be correlated with ISS observations to estimate the fluctuation spectrum over a very wide scale range. IISM measurements can often be modeled by a homogeneous power-law spatial spectrum of electron density with the Kolmogorov (−11/3) spectral exponent. Here we aim to test the validity of using the Kolmogorov exponent with PSR J0826+2637. We do so using observations of intensity scintillation, pulse broadening and dispersion variations across a wide fractional bandwidth (20 – 180 MHz). We present that the frequency dependence of the intensity scintillation in the high frequency band matches the expectations of a Kolmogorov spectral exponent but the pulse broadening in the low frequency band does not change as rapidly as predicted with this assumption. We show that this behavior is due to an inhomogeneity in the scattering region, specifically that the scattering is dominated by a region of transverse size ∼40 AU. The power spectrum of the electron density, however, maintains the Kolmogorov spectral exponent from spatial scales of 5$\times10^{-6}$\,AU to $\sim$100\,AU