Diversity of weed flora in wheat depending on crop rotation and fertilisation

The paper analyses weed flora in wheat depending on crop rotation and fertilisation in a twenty-year period. In both studied periods (1990 and 2010) the total of 49 weed species were determined on different variants of crop rotation, while 20 weed species were found in both studies. In the first research period, in 1990, there were 16 differential species, which were not found in 2010, while in the second research, after 20 years,. there were 13 new weed species, which had not been previously determined. In the second research period, the floristic diversity was significantly reduced, and in certain variants of Crop rotation (three-year rotation, unfertilised three-year rotation and twelve-year rotation) the number of species was reduced two times. In both studied periods, the dominant species were weed-ruderal plants, with the significant share of segetal plants, while the most common life forms were therophytes from the T-4 group. Apart from the positive effects of crop rotation and fertilisation on reducing weediness, the paper also focuses on the presence of species important for biodiversity conservation, such as Fumaria officinalis L. from the category of endangered species, as well as seven other species from the category of vulnerable species - Centaurea cyanus L., Consolida regalis S.F.Gray, Papaver rhoeas L., Viola arvensis Mum, Lathyrus tuberosus L., Ranunculus arvensis L. and Lamium amplexicaule L., which are most likely to survive among crops

Effect of storage time and type of packaging on seed quality of tall fescue

After harvesting, the seed dormancy of grasses occurs. During the maturing period, seed dormancy is slowly reduced, and seed germination reaches the maximum values of use. Germination decreases during longer storage. The levels of seed dormancy and germination prevention determine the complex of physiological and biochemical processes in the seeds, which vary depending on genetic background, environment during maturation, and even the position of seeds on the plant. The goal is to maintain, as long as possible, the maximum germination after seed ripening. However, aging and germination reduction are processes which largely depend of storage conditions and seed packaging. The three tested seed lots of tall fescue were kept in paper, textile and polyethylene (PVC) containers during 10, 16, 24, 28, 34 and 40 months. The dormancy, germination energy, and total germination were examined. The seeds stored in PVC containers required a shorter period of time in order to release from dormancy and achieve maximum germination (16 months, 43% germination). After 40 months, there was a significant decrease in germination (80%). In some seed lots, the germination dropped to 77%, which is the required minimum for marketing authorization (The Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia, No. 47/48). In the case of the seeds kept in paper containers, the maximum germination (89% and 90%) was obtained after 22 months. The same seed germination was obtained after 40 months of storage

Ispitivanje klijavosti korijandra (Coriandrum sativum L.)

Coriander seed yield (Coriandrum sativum L.) depends of many factors during vegetation period, and also depend of seed quality. Coriander fruit (Coriandri fructus) which is used like spice and in medicinal purpose, and also in food and pharmacy, in the same time is and seed material. Because of that, it is very important to take care about its quality. In this paper is analyzed seed material obtained from field experiments village Mošorin, in 2011, and investigated was conducted in harvest year, and one year later. In harvest year, germination energy in average was 38,21%, and total germination 72,75%. After one year, germination energy was statistically significant smaller - 16,50%, as like total germination which was 67,42%.Prinos korijandra (Coriandrum sativum L.) zavisi od mnogo faktora tokom vegetacionog perioda, ali i od kvaliteta semenskog materijala. Plod korijandra (Coriandri fructus) koristi se kao začin u prehrambenoj industriji, u narodnoj medicini, homeopatiji, ali i kao sirovina u farmaceutskoj industriji, istovremeno je i seme. Stoga je vrlo bitno voditi računa o njegovom kvalitetu. U ovom radu je analiziran semenski materijal dobijen sa oglednog polja u Mošorinu iz 2011. godine, a ispitivanja kvaliteta semena su rađena u godini žetve i nakon godinu dana čuvanja. U godini žetve je energija klijanja korijandra u proseku iznosila 38,21%, a ukupna klijavost 72,75%, a nakon čuvanja od godinu dana energija klijanja je pala na 16,50%, a ukupna klijavost na 67,42%

Efikasnost biofertilizatora na klijavost i prinos kima, anisa i korijandera

Microbiological fertilizers used in this study were: Bacillus subtilis and FZB24 Rhizovital 42 I. In laboratory conditions were tested influence of this preparations on germination energy and total germination of seeds caraway (Carum carvi L.), anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) and coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). The standard germination of tested plants is determined according to ISTA rules, to four repetitions in plastic boxes under alternating temperatures 20-30 °C, and counts were after 7 and 21 days. Use of the preparation was not significantly increased the germination of tested plants or total germination in caraway and anise, while coriander germination significantly increased for 4,5% using the preparation RhizoVital 42 l Field experiment was set up by randomized block design with three replications. The different times of application of the aforementioned preparations were examined, and their impact on seed yield. The results show that in all three tested plants was more effective was biofertilizer RhizoVital 42 l. The most effective time to apply the tested preparations on coriander is in phase 2-3 leaves, on anise in phase rosette leaf, and on caraway and when 10% of plants began to flourish.Mikrobiološka đubriva koja su korišćena u ovom radu su: Bacillus subtilis FZB24 i Rhizovital 42 I. U laboratorijskim uslovima ispitivan je uticaj preparata na energiju klijanja i ukupnu klijavost semena kima, anisa i korijandera. Standardna klijavost navedenih biljaka određena je prema pravilima ISTA, u četiri ponavljanja u plastičnim kutijama na naizmeničnoj temperaturi 20-30°C, a očitavanja su bila nakon 7 i 21 dan. Primena preparata nije statistički značajno uticala na povećanje energije klijanja ispitivanih biljaka kao ni ukupne klijavosti kod kima i anisa, dok se kod korijandera ukupna klijavost statistički značajno povećala primenom preparata RhizoVital 42 l za 4,5%. Poljski ogled je bio postavljen po metodu slučajnog blok sistema sa tri ponavljanja. Testirano je različito vreme primene ispitivanih preparata, i njihov uticaj na prinos semena. Rezultati pokazuju da je kod sve tri ispitivane biljke efikasniji je bio preparat RhizoVital 42 l. Najefikasnije vreme za primenu ispitivanih preparata kod korijandra je u fazi 2-3 lista., anisa kada su biljke u fazi lisne rozete, a kima kada je 10% biljaka počelo da cveta

Uticaj Alternaria alternata na klijavost semena pšenice

Investigation of the effect Alternaria alternata on seed germination of wheat were tested on three varieties of Victory, Renaissance and NS 40 S. Seed germination is the ISTA rules, in order to elucidate the effect of primary and secondary infection pathogen A.alternata on seed natural and conditioned seeds were placed tests with seeds untreated, treated with NaOCl and fungicide Tycoon included. The high rate of seed germination was found in all three experiments. The correlation coefficient between secondary infection of seedlings with A.alternata and germination of wheat was -0.69 to -0.76, depending on the variety, indicating that the rate of infection has no significant effect on seed germination.Ispitivanje uticaja gljive Alternaria alternata na klijavost semena pšenice testirano je na tri sorte Pobeda, Renesansa i NS 40 S. Prema ISTA pravilima, a u cilju utvrđivanja uticaja primarne i sekundarne infekcije patogena A.alternata na klijavost naturalnog i dorađenog semenskog materijala, postavljeni su testovi sa semenom bez tretiranja, tretirano sa NaOCl i fungicidom Tycoon-om. Visoka stopa klijavosti semena je utvrđena u sva tri eksperimenta. Koeficijent korelacije između sekundarne zaraze klijanaca sa A.alternata i klijavosti semena pšenice iznosio je -0.69 do -0.76 u zavisnosti od sorte, ukazujući da infekcija nema značajan uticaj na klijavost semena

Influence of Ecological Conditions on Seeds Traits and Essential Oil Contents in Anise (Pimpinella anisum L.)

Anise (Pimpinella anisunz L.) is an annual plant of the Apiaceae family, widely cultivated for the seed and essential oil. Under field condition, anise is cultivated in a vast number of countries including Serbia. Field experiments were carried out during two growing seasons, at three localities, in order to determine the effect of different soil and climatic conditions on the quality of anise seed principal traits (thousand seed weight, germination energy and total germination) as well as on the content and quality of its essential oil. During the experiment it was found that the value of aniseed principal traits was significantly lower in hotter and drier year in comparison to the year with moderate conditions, because of more favourable weather conditions for seed development during this year. A significantly higher concentration of essential oil was also accumulated in the moderate year in comparison to the dry and hot one. This can be attributed to a longer period of fruit formation and synthesis of essential oils and better climatic conditions. It can be concluded that drought caused a significant decrease in thousand seed weight, germination energy and total germination as well as essential oil content in anise. Contrary to this, the content of trans-anethole was significantly higher in the dry year. It can be assumed that under stress conditions the amount of trans-anethole in the essential oil increases, because in such conditions the plants produce more secondary metabolites, substances that prevent oxidation processes in the cells