Morfološka karakterizacija Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) sa breskve i duvana u Srbiji i Crnoj Gori

Multivariate morphometric analysis was used to compare nine characteristics of 47 populations of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) originating from two host-plants, peach and tobacco, from 13 localities in 2004 and 34 localities in 2005, in Serbia and Montenegro. Multivariant discriminant analysis showed there to be a distinct discrimination between the populations from the peach and tobacco host-plants. The most important discrimination characteristics are the ultimate rostral segment length and processes terminalis length, which are greater in the aphids from tobacco than in those from peach. This is the first indication that in this part of Europe there are two subspecies: M. persicae (Sulzer) and M. persicae nicotianae Blackman.Multivarijantna analiza varijanse korišćena je za poređenje devet karaktera kod 47 populacija Myzus persicae (Sulzer) sa dve biljke domaćina, breskve i duvana. Uzorci su uzeti sa 13 lokaliteta u 2004. i 34 lokaliteta u 2005. godini u Srbiji i Crnoj Gori. Multivarijantna diskriminatorna analiza pokazala je da se vaši sa duvana jasno odvajaju od vašiju sa breskve. Glavni diskriminatorni karakteri su dužina vršnog segmenta rostruma i dužina vršnog dela šestog segmenta pipka koji su značajno duži kod vašiju sa duvana u odnosu na vaši sa breskve. Ovo su prvi podaci koji govore o postojanju dve podvrste u ovom delu Evrope: M. persicae persicae (Sulzer) i M. persicae nicotianae Blackman

Utvrđivanje rezistentnosti Myzus persicae (Sulzer) molekularnim metodama

In two years of investigating resistance of the peach-potato aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) by molecular methods, several types of resistance were established in the majority of individuals from peach and tobacco in Serbia and Montenegro. Most of the tested individuals had the FE4 gene, which encodes production of FE4 esterase. The gene responsible for kdr (knock-down resistance) was found in the majority of individuals, but in the heterozygous state, while resistance based on formation of modified acetlycholinesterase (MACE) was least represented. Also, tests showed aphids from tobacco to be more sensitive to insecticide action than aphids from peach. Three tests were used in these investiga­tions, e.g., the PCR - esterase, PCR - kdr, and RFLP - PCR tests, each for a single type of resistance.U dvogodišnjim istraživanjima rezistentnosti zelene breskvine vaši, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) molekularnim metodama, ustanovljeno je da je kod većine testiranih jedinki sa breskve i duvana u Srbiji i Crnoj Gori, utvrđen neki od tipova rezistentnosti. Većina testiranih jedinki imala je FE4 gen koji kodira produkciju FE4 karboksilesteraze. Gen odgovoran za kdr (knock-down rezistentnost) nađen je kod većine jedinki, ali u heterozigotnom stanju dok je rezistentnost koja se zasniva na stvaranju modifikovane acetilholinesteraze (MACE) najmanje zastupljena. Takođe, testovi su pokazali da su vaši sa duvana osetljivije na dejstvo insekticida od vašiju sa breskve. U ovim istraživanjima korišćena su tri testa: PCR-esteraza test, PCR-kdr i RFLP-PCR, svaki za po jedan tip rezistentnosti

Parazitoidi i predatori štitastih vašiju iz familije Diaspididae u nekim voćnjacima u Srbiji

Five parasitoid and five predator species were registered on four armored scale species in apple, pear, peach and plum orchards at 16 sites in Serbia. The armored scales found were: Diaspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock), Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni-Tozzetti), Epidiaspis leperii (Signoret) and Lepidosaphes ulmi (L.). The parasitoid species detected were: Encarsia (=Prospaltella) perniciosi (Tow.), Encarsia (=Prospaltella) berlesei (How.), Aphytis proclia (Wal.), Aphytis mytilaspidis (Le Baron) and Coccobius testaceus (Masi), all of the Aphelinidae family. The most important endoparasitoids were: Encarsia perniciosi on D. perniciosus, Encarsia berlesei on P. pentagona and Coccobius testaceus on L. ulmi. Only one ectoparasitoid species, Aphytis mytilaspidis, was found on E. leperii, while Aphytis proclia was found as an ectoparasitoid on D. perniciosus, P. pentagona and L. ulmi. The predator species detected were: Chilocorus renipustulatus (Scriba), Chilocorus bipustulatus (L.), Cybocephalus fodori Endrody - Younga, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) and Deraeocoris ruber (L.). Cybocephalus fodori was for the first time found as a predator on E. leperii in Serbia.U periodu od 2007. do 2009. godine, u zasadima jabuke, kruške, breskve i šljive, u 16 lokaliteta na teritoriji Srbije, utvrđene su četiri vrste štitastih vašiju iz familije Diaspididae, i 10 vrsta njihovih prirodnih neprijatelja, među kojima je pet parazitoida i pet predatora. Vrste štitastih vašiju su: Diaspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock), Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni-Tozzetti), Epidiaspis leperii (Signoret) i Lepidosaphes ulmi (L.). Od parazitoida, odgajeno je pet vrsta iz familije Aphelinidae: Encarsia (=Prospaltella) perniciosi (Tow.), Encarsia (=Prospaltella) berlesei (How.), Aphytis proclia (Wal.), Aphytis mytilaspidis (Le Baron) i Coccobius testaceus (Masi). Najznačajniji endoparazitoidi su Encarsia perniciosi na D. perniciosus, zatim Encarsia berlesei na P. pentagona, i Coccobius testaceus na L. ulmi. Aphytis mytilaspidis je ektoparazitoid na E. leperii, a Aphytis proclia ektoparazitoid na D. perniciosus, P. pentagona i L. ulmi. Tri vrste predatora su iz reda Coleoptera, od kojih su Chilocorus renipustulatus (Scriba) i Chilocorus bipustulatus (L.) iz familije Coccinellidae, a Cybocephalus fodori Endrody - Younga iz familije Cybocephalidae. Iz reda Neuroptera utvrđena je Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (fam. Chrysopidae), a iz reda Hemiptera, Deraeocoris ruber (L.) iz familije Miridae. Cybocephalus fodori je prvi put registrovan u Srbiji kao predator E. leperii

Utvđivanje nivoa rezistentnosti Myzus persicae (Sulzer) biohemijskim metodama

Peach/potato aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) has developed three mechanisms of resistance: overproduction of one or two closely related carboxylesterases (E4 and FE4), production of modified acetylcholinesterase (MACE and knockdown resistance). Biochemical diagnostic methods can be used to identify levels of carboxylesterase production and sensitivity of modified acetylcholinesterase and, based on the values acquired we can classify aphids into one of the resistance categories. We used two tests: the total esterase activity test and test for checking sensitivity of acetylcholinesterase (MACE). Myzus periscae persicae from peach and Myzus persicae nicotianae from tobacco were tested. The total esterase activity test showed that 65% of the aphids tested were moderately resistant and 35% were highly resistant. Resistance based on the production of modified acetylcholinesterase is less represented because 80% of the aphids tested were susceptible to pirimicarb, which was used in the experiment. Also, both tests showed that aphids from tobacco were more susceptible than aphids from peach.Kod Myzus persicae (Sulzer) do sada su utvrđena tri tipa rezistentosti: povećana produkcija karboksilesteraza E4 i FE4, stvaranje modifikovane acetilholinesteraze i "knock-down" rezistentnost. Biohemijskim metodama moguće je izmeriti količinu karboksilesteraza, kao i aktivnosti modifikovane acetilholinesteraze i na osnovu dobijenih vrednosti, vaši svrstati u neku od kategorija rezistentnosti. Korišćena su dva testa, test totalne esterazne aktivnosti i test za proveru aktivnosti modifikovane acetilholinesteraze (MACE). Testirane su Myzus persicae persicae sa breskve i Myzus persicae nicotianae sa duvana. Test totalne esterazne aktivnosti pokazao je da 65% testiranih jedinki pripada kategoriji umereno rezistentnih vašiju, dok je 35% veoma rezistentno. Rezistentnost koja se zasniva na stvaranju modifikovane acetilholinesteraze manje je zastupljena, jer je čak 80% testiranih vašiju osetljivo na dejstvo pirimikarba, koji je korišćen u testu. Takođe, oba testa su pokazala da su vaši sa duvana osetljivije na dejstvo insekticida od vašiju sa breskve

Biljne vaši (Aphididae, Homoptera) na povrću

Different kind of vegetables (bean, green bean, pea, paper, cucumber, potato carrot, celery) are colonized by 10 aphids. For every species short notes on appearance in life, host plants, biology, distribution, virus transmission and primary parasitoids are given. Aphids on vegetables are highly polyphagous (A. fabae, A. cracivora, A. gossypii, Aphis nasturtii, Myzus persicae, Aulacorthum solani, Macrosiphum euphorbiae) or less polyphagous (Acyrthosiphon pisum, Brevicorynae brassicae and Cavariella aegopodii). They are all distributed throughout the world and efficient vector of plant viruses. Totally 15 species of primary parasitoids (Aphidiidae) are regulating their abundance.Na osnovnim vrstama povrća (pasulj, boranija, grašak, paprika, krastavac krompir, šargarepa i celer) javlja se 10 vrsta biljnih vašiju. Za svaku vrstu navedeni su osnovni podaci (opis, biljke domaćini, biologija rasprostranjenje, vektorska aktivnost i primarni parazitoidi). Biljne vaši povrća su veoma polifagne vrste (Aphis fabae, A. cracivora, A. gossypii, A. nasturtii, Myzus persicae, Aulacorthum solani, Macrosiphum eupborbiae) ili nešto manje polifagne (Acyrthosiphon pisum, Brevicorynae brassicae i Cavariella aegopodii). Široko su rasprostranjene u svetu i efikasni su vektori virusa. Ukupno 15 vrsta primarnih parazitoida iz familije Aphidiidae reguliše njihovu brojnost

Biljne vaši (Hemiptera, Aphididae) koštičavih voćaka

Several aphid species are present on the stone fruit trees, but only seven are economically significant. Basic morphological data with symptoms, host plants, biology, distribution and vector activities have been mentioned for the most important species. Hyalopterus pruni and Brachycaudus helichrysi cause damages on the plum, Myzus cerasi on the cherries, and Myzus persicae, Myzus varians, Hyalopterus pruni, Brachycaudus persicae and Brachycaudus schwartzi on the peaches. More detailed studies on peach aphids were carried out in Serbia in 2004. and 2005. The variation in the distribution of different peach aphid species in these years has been presented in the paper.Na koštičavim voćkama prisutno je više vrsta biljnih vašiju, ali samo sedam je ekonomski značajno. Za najznačajnije vrste navedeni su osnovni morfološki podaci, simptomi koje izazivaju, biljke domaćini, biologija razvića, rasprostranjenje i vektorska aktivnost. Štete na šljivi pričinjavaju Hyalopterus pruni i Brachycaudus helichrysi, na trešnji i višnji Myzus cerasi, a na breskvi Myzus persicae, Myzus varians, H. pruni, Brachycaudus persicae i Brachycaudus schwartzi. Detaljnija proučavanja vašiju na breskvi obavljena su tokom 2004. i 2005. godine, pa je, pored podataka o glavnim vrstama, u radu prikazano i variranje njihove zastupljenosti u različitim godinama

Establishing the resistance of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) by molecular methods

Abstract — In two years of investigating resistance of the peach-potato aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) by molecular methods, several types of resistance were established in the majority of individuals from peach and tobacco in Serbia and Montenegro. Most of the tested individuals had the FE4 gene, which encodes production of FE4 esterase. The gene responsible for kdr (knock-down resistance) was found in the majority of individuals, but in the heterozygous state, while resistance based on formation of modified acetlycholinesterase (MACE) was least represented. Also, tests showed aphids from tobacco to be more sensitive to insecticide action than aphids from peach. Three tests were used in these investigations, e.g., the PCR- esterase, PCR- kdr, and RFLP- PCR tests, each for a single type of resistance

Aphis spiraecola Patch. - nova štetočina jabuke u Srbiji

Research has been conducted on apple aphids, throughout many localities in Serbia, during 2007 and 2008. New invasive species, Spiraea aphid, Aphis spiraecola Patch., (synonym Aphis citricola) was found on apple. It was found in about 30 samples. Key for separation of A. spriaecola from very similar A. pomi was given in this paper. .U radu se daje prikaz istraživanja biljnih vašiju jabuke, sprovedenih tokom 2007. i 2008. godine, na više lokaliteta u Srbiji. Utvrđeno je prisustvo nove invazivne štetočine jabuke, zelene vaši spiree, Aphis spiraecola Patch., čiji je sinonim A. citricola - zelena vaš citrusa. Pronađena je u oko 30 uzoraka, često u mešanim kolonijama sa zelenom vaši jabuke. U radu se daje ključ pomoću koga se A. spiraecola može razlikovati od veoma slične vrste, A. pomi

Biljne vaši roda Chaitophorus na topolama u Srbiji

In the area of cultivation of poplars in Serbia, in recent years it has been increasing numbers of plant lice. Due to the increasing number of lice on plants, there were recordings of numerous and various plant injuries like chlorosis, deformation of leaves, forming of gals and leaf nests. It resulted with reduced development of plants, health status and in some cases caused the decay of entire plants. Researches were conducted in the period from 1997 to 2011. Five aphid species from genus Chaitophorus, were determined on poplars in Serbia. These species were Chaitophorus leucomelas Koch, 1854, Chaitophorus nassonowi Mordvilko, 1894, Chaitophorus populeti Panzer, 1801, Chaitophorus populialbae Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1841 and Chaitophorus populifolii Essig, 1912. Most affected were the clones of black and white poplars. Also, the paper provides basic morphological and biological characteristics of the identified species. .Tokom istraživanja entomofaune biljnih vaši na topolama, koja su obavljena u periodu od 1997. do danas, utvrđeno je pet vrsta vaši roda Chaitophorus. Rod Chaitophorus je najbrojniji na topolama u Srbiji. Biljne vaši ovog roda predstavljaju ekonomski najznačajnije štetočine u rasadnicima i mladim zasadima topola. U radu su date osnovne morfološke karakteristike, biologija, biljke domaćini i štetnost vrsta.

DOI:10.2298/ABS1003775P NEW INVASIVE SPECIES OF APHIDS (HEMIPTERA, APHIDIDAE) IN SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO

Abstract-. Three new invasive species of aphids have been found in Serbia: Chaitophorus populifolli Essig, Myzocallis walshii (Monell) and Trichosiphonaphis polygonifoliae (Shinji) and two have been found in Montenegro: Aphis illinoisensis Shimer and Tinocallis kahawaluokalani (Kirkaldy). A. illinoisensis is a pest of the grapevine, T. polygonifoliae, feeds on a decorative shrub (Lonicera) and the other three feed on trees (Populus, Quercus and Lagerostroemia). Thrее of the species are American aphids and two are of Asian origin. Their morphology, illustrated by original drawings and data on the biology and distribution are given