Spectrum of vulvar lesions: patient’s anxiety, clinician’s concern and pathologist’s diagnostic challenge

Background: A wide variety of inflammatory, premalignant and malignant lesions can occur on the vulva. Some of the lesions are limited to the vulva, while some also involve other parts of the body. Although vulvar diseases can cause a significant issue in the patients, they are less commonly discussed than those of cervix, uterus and ovary. Most of the asymptomatic lesions remain un-noticed, and are seen during routine gynecological checkups. Common complaints in symptomatic lesions are lumps, discomfort, itching and pain. Since the symptoms are nonspecific; determining the location of the lesion can assist with the diagnosis. Being a genital part with skin covering on outer aspect and mucosal lining inside, it is associated with various dermatological, nutritional, and hormonal as well as sexually transmitted diseases. The present study thus was conducted to categorize vulvar lesions based on their histological diagnosis and also to study the morphological spectrum of precursor lesions for malignancy.Methods: Present study includes all types of vulvar lesions sent for pathological study in the Department of pathology, at GMC Nagpur over the period of one year.Results: Total 34 lesions were studied including a wide diagnostic range from inflammatory, dermatological to benign, premalignant and malignant. Inflammatory lesions including various infections and LSA (Lichen sclerosus atrophicus) were the most commonly seen lesions along with collection of neoplastic lesions.Conclusions: Proper diagnostic categorization of the lesions is essential for initiating therapy and reducing patient’s anxiety. Morphology of these lesions along with their diagnostic significance is discussed

Fort Bend County Heritage Unlimited Museum: Recreational Site Plan Project

Texas Target Communities worked on a recreational site planning project with the people of Fort Bend County Heritage Unlimited Museum and City of Kendleton over the summer of 2016. The museum officials had approached TTC with a 3.6 acre site abutting their museum premises and the Kendleton cemetery. The design and planning was primarily aimed to get a tax exemption for the three acre recreational site, but it also focused on creating a place that resonates with the values of the community and the museum’s efforts in preserving the heritage of the county. Community meetings being a big part of this project, they guided TTC in understanding the project requirements and then deriving a customized design program for this project. The design solution comprised of design elements like a wall of remembrance - to pay homage to the noble souls of this county who served for the United States during war times, a storage facility for the museum, a multi-purpose pavilion - which could also be used by the Kendleton cemetery and for other ceremonial purposes, environmental education workshops and audio history walking tours for the kids in the county, a butterfly garden, a railway dinner and a 3D map-mural of Fort Bend County

Formulation Development Of Nanoparticulate Formulation In Ophthalmic Drug Delivery System

The major challenge faced by today’s pharmacologist and formulation scientist is ocular drug delivery. Topical eye drop is the most convenient and patient compliant route of drug administration, especially for the treatment of anterior segment diseases. Delivery of drugs to the targeted ocular tissues is restricted by various precorneal, dynamic and static ocular barriers. Also, therapeutic drug levels are not maintained for longer duration in target tissues. So, the present work on ocular drug delivery research make advanced towards developing a novel, safe and patient compliant formulation and drug delivery devices/techniques, which may surpass these barriers and maintain drug levels in tissues. Anterior segment drug delivery advances are witnessed by modulation of conventional topical solutions with permeation and viscosity enhancers. Also, it includes development of nano formulations have also been introduced for anterior segment ocular drug delivery. these novel devices and/or formulations are easy to formulate, no/negligibly irritating, possess high precorneal residence time, sustain the drug release, and enhance ocular bioavailability of therapeutics. An update of current research advancement in ocular drug delivery necessitates and helps drug delivery scientists to modulate their process and develop novel and safe drug delivery strategies followed by current nanotechnology-based formulation developments and also, recent developments with other ocular drug delivery strategies employing in situ formulation. &nbsp

Mississippi Energy and Cost Savings for New Single- and Multifamily Homes: 2009 and 2012 IECC as Compared to the 2006 IECC

The 2009 and 2012 International Energy Conservation Codes (IECC) yield positive benefits for Mississippi homeowners. Moving to either the 2009 or 2012 IECC from the 2006 IECC is cost effective over a 30-year life cycle. On average, Mississippi homeowners will save $2,022 over 30 years under the 2009 IECC, with savings still higher at$5,400 with the 2012 IECC. After accounting for upfront costs and additional costs financed in the mortgage, homeowners should see net positive cash flows (i.e., cumulative savings exceeding cumulative cash outlays) in 2 years for both the 2009 and 2012 IECC. Average annual energy savings are $164 for the 2009 IECC and$422 for the 2012 IECC

Arizona Energy and Cost Savings for New Single- and Multifamily Homes: 2009 and 2012 IECC as Compared to the 2006 IECC

The 2009 and 2012 International Energy Conservation Codes (IECC) yield positive benefits for Missouri homeowners. Moving to either the 2009 or 2012 IECC from the 2006 IECC is cost effective over a 30-year life cycle. On average, Missouri homeowners will save $2,229 over 30 years under the 2009 IECC, with savings still higher at$7,826 with the 2012 IECC. After accounting for upfront costs and additional costs financed in the mortgage, homeowners should see net positive cash flows (i.e., cumulative savings exceeding cumulative cash outlays) in 1 year for both the 2009 and 2012 IECC. Average annual energy savings are $143 for the 2009 IECC and$507 for the 2012 IECC

National Energy and Cost Savings for New Single- and Multifamily Homes: A Comparison of the 2006, 2009, and 2012 Editions of the IECC

The 2009 and 2012 International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) yield positive benefits for U.S. homeowners and significant energy savings for the nation. Moving from a baseline of the 2006 IECC to the 2009 IECC reduces average annual energy costs by 10.8%, while moving from the same baseline to the 2012 IECC reduces them by 32.1%. These reductions amount to annual energy cost savings of $168 and$497, respectively. The 2012 IECC saves $329 in energy costs compared to the 2009 IECC

West Virginia Energy and Cost Savings for New Single- and Multifamily Homes: 2009 and 2012 IECC as Compared to the 2006 IECC

The 2009 and 2012 International Energy Conservation Codes (IECC) yield positive benefits for West Virginia homeowners. Moving to either the 2009 or 2012 IECC from the 2006 IECC is cost effective over a 30-year life cycle. On average, West Virginia homeowners will save $1,996 over 30 years under the 2009 IECC, with savings still higher at$7,301 with the 2012 IECC. After accounting for upfront costs and additional costs financed in the mortgage, homeowners should see net positive cash flows (i.e., cumulative savings exceeding cumulative cash outlays) in 1 year for both the 2009 and 2012 IECC. Average annual energy savings are $135 for the 2009 IECC and$480 for the 2012 IECC

Tennessee Energy and Cost Savings for New Single- and Multifamily Homes: 2009 and 2012 IECC as Compared to the 2006 IECC

The 2009 and 2012 International Energy Conservation Codes (IECC) yield positive benefits for Tennessee homeowners. Moving to either the 2009 or 2012 IECC from the 2006 IECC is cost effective over a 30-year life cycle. On average, Tennessee homeowners will save $1,809 over 30 years under the 2009 IECC, with savings still higher at$6,102 with the 2012 IECC. After accounting for upfront costs and additional costs financed in the mortgage, homeowners should see net positive cash flows (i.e., cumulative savings exceeding cumulative cash outlays) in 1 year for both the 2009 and 2012 IECC. Average annual energy savings are $123 for the 2009 IECC and$415 for the 2012 IECC

West Virginia Energy and Cost Savings for New Single- and Multifamily Homes: 2009 and 2012 IECC as Compared to the 2006 IECC

The 2009 and 2012 International Energy Conservation Codes (IECC) yield positive benefits for Missouri homeowners. Moving to either the 2009 or 2012 IECC from the 2006 IECC is cost effective over a 30-year life cycle. On average, Missouri homeowners will save $2,229 over 30 years under the 2009 IECC, with savings still higher at$7,826 with the 2012 IECC. After accounting for upfront costs and additional costs financed in the mortgage, homeowners should see net positive cash flows (i.e., cumulative savings exceeding cumulative cash outlays) in 1 year for both the 2009 and 2012 IECC. Average annual energy savings are $143 for the 2009 IECC and$507 for the 2012 IECC

Minnesota Energy and Cost Savings for New Single- and Multifamily Homes: 2009 and 2012 IECC as Compared to the Minnesota Residential Energy Code

The 2009 and 2012 International Energy Conservation Codes (IECC) yield positive benefits for Minnesota homeowners. Moving to either the 2009 or 2012 IECC from the current Minnesota Residential Energy Code is cost effective over a 30-year life cycle. On average, Minnesota homeowners will save $1,277 over 30 years under the 2009 IECC, with savings still higher at$9,873 with the 2012 IECC. After accounting for upfront costs and additional costs financed in the mortgage, homeowners should see net positive cash flows (i.e., cumulative savings exceed cumulative cash outlays) in 3 years for the 2009 IECC and 1 year for the 2012 IECC. Average annual energy savings are $122 for the 2009 IECC and$669 for the 2012 IECC