Aspekti razvoja sportsko-rekreacijskog turističkog proizvoda sjeverozapadne Hrvatske

Turizam i sport predstavljaju pojmove po kojima je Hrvatska poznata diljem svijeta. Mnogobrojni sportaši doprinijeli su promociji hrvatske države te tako stvorili snažnu vezu između turizma i sporta. Osim čistoga mora i razvedene obale s otocima, sve značajniju ulogu u doprinosu razvoja sportsko-rekreacijskog turizma ima kontinentalni dio zemlje. Predmet istraživanja ovoga rada jest utvrditi u kolikoj mjeri i na koji način sjeverozapadna Hrvatska sudjeluje u ponudi sportsko-rekreacijskog turizma te razvija li se takva ponuda, stagnira ili se gasi. U radu su obuhvaćeni utjecaji trendova, analiza strukture stanovništva, njihovih sportsko-rekreativnih preferencija i iskoristivosti postojećih kapaciteta. Ciljevi istraživanja su naglasiti važnost razvoja sportsko-rekreativnih objekata te njihov utjecaj na razvoj turističke ponude sjeverozapadne Hrvatske. Metode primijenjene u ovom radu su istraživanje za stolom temeljem domaće i strane literature, stručnih i znanstvenih radova kao i povijesna metoda, metoda analize i sinteze te kvantitativna metoda. Kvantitativna metoda provedena je putem distribucije strukturiranog anketnog upitnika na uzorku stvarnih i potencijalnih turista kontinentalne Hrvatske te odgovornih osoba pri turističkim zajednicama sjeverozapadne Hrvatske i ministarstva turizma RH. Također je provedena kvantitativna metoda istraživanja putem strukturiranog upitnika na uzorku svih turističkih zajednica (ukupnoj populaciji županijskih turističkih zajednica) koje pripadaju sjeverozapadnoj Hrvatskoj. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na važnost razvoja, unapređenja infrastrukture, promocije i brendiranja sportsko-rekreativnog turizma na području kontinentalne Hrvatske te potrebu za kvalitetnom strategijom navedenog razvoja ovog selektivnog oblika turizma

YKL-40 as a biomarker in various inflammatory diseases: A review

Highlights YKL-40 is a biomarker for inflammatory diseases’ diagnosis and prediction YKL-40 concentration increases with age and has variations in healthy population YKL-40 is convincing in pancreatic/liver disease, arthritis, bronchitis, and sepsis YKL-40 is debatable in cardiovascular/neurological/renal disease, diabetes, asthma Future larger studies and age-stratified reference intervals of YKL-40 are needed YKL-40 or Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1 (CHI3L1) is a highly conserved glycoprotein that binds heparin and chitin in a non-enzymatic manner. It is a member of the chitinase protein family 18, subfamily A, and unlike true chitinases, YKL-40 is a chitinase-like protein without enzymatic activity for chitin. Although its accurate function is yet unknown, the pattern of its expression in the normal and disease states suggests its possible engagement in apoptosis, inflammation and remodeling or degradation of the extracellular matrix. During an inflammatory response, YKL-40 is involved in a complicated interaction between host and bacteria, both promoting and attenuating immune response and potentially being served as an autoantigen in a vicious circle of autoimmunity. Based on its pathophysiology and mechanism of action, the aim of this review was to summarize research on the growing role of YKL-40 as a persuasive biomarker for inflammatory diseases’ early diagnosis, prediction and follow-up (e.g., cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, endocrinological, immunological, musculoskeletal, neurological, respiratory, urinary, infectious) with detailed structural and functional background of YKL-40

Incidence and risk factors for venous and arterial thromboses in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019: data on 4014 patients from a tertiary center registry

Aim To evaluate the burden and predictors of throm - boembolic complications in a large real-life cohort of hos - pitalized patients with established coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods We retrospectively reviewed the records of 4014 consecutive adult patients admitted to a tertiary-level insti - tution because of COVID-19 from March 2020 to March 2021 for the presence of venous and arterial thrombotic events. Results Venous-thromboembolic (VTE) events were pres - ent in 5.3% and arterial thrombotic events in 5.8% patients. The majority of arterial thromboses occurred before or on the day of admission, while the majority of VTE events oc - curred during hospitalization. The majority of both types of events occurred before intensive care unit (ICU) admis - sion, although both types of events were associated with a higher need for ICU use and prolonged immobilization. In multivariate logistic regression, VTE events were inde - pendently associated with metastatic malignancy, known thrombophilia, lower mean corpuscular hemoglobin con - centration, higher D-dimer, lower lactate dehydrogenase, longer duration of disease on admission, bilateral pneu - monia, longer duration of hospitalization, and immobiliza - tion for at least one day. Arterial thromboses were inde - pendently associated with less severe COVID-19, higher Charlson comorbidity index, coronary artery disease, pe - ripheral artery disease, history of cerebrovascular insult, as - pirin use, lower C reactive protein, better functional status on admission, ICU use, immobilization for at least one day, absence of hyperlipoproteinemia, and absence of meta - static malignancy. Conclusion Among hospitalized COVID-19 patients, ve - nous and arterial thromboses differ in timing of presenta - tion, association with COVID-19 severity, and other clinical characteristics

Incidence and risk factors for venous and arterial thromboses in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019: data on 4014 patients from a tertiary center registry

Aim: To evaluate the burden and predictors of thromboembolic complications in a large real-life cohort of hospitalized patients with established coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). ----- Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 4014 consecutive adult patients admitted to a tertiary-level institution because of COVID-19 from March 2020 to March 2021 for the presence of venous and arterial thrombotic events. ----- Results: Venous-thromboembolic (VTE) events were present in 5.3% and arterial thrombotic events in 5.8% patients. The majority of arterial thromboses occurred before or on the day of admission, while the majority of VTE events occurred during hospitalization. The majority of both types of events occurred before intensive care unit (ICU) admission, although both types of events were associated with a higher need for ICU use and prolonged immobilization. In multivariate logistic regression, VTE events were independently associated with metastatic malignancy, known thrombophilia, lower mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, higher D-dimer, lower lactate dehydrogenase, longer duration of disease on admission, bilateral pneumonia, longer duration of hospitalization, and immobilization for at least one day. Arterial thromboses were independently associated with less severe COVID-19, higher Charlson comorbidity index, coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease, history of cerebrovascular insult, aspirin use, lower C reactive protein, better functional status on admission, ICU use, immobilization for at least one day, absence of hyperlipoproteinemia, and absence of metastatic malignancy. ----- Conclusion: Among hospitalized COVID-19 patients, venous and arterial thromboses differ in timing of presentation, association with COVID-19 severity, and other clinical characteristics