L'intervalle Carbonifère supérieur à Permien inférieur dans les Carpates occidentales : marge septentrionale de la Téthys

Les bassins d\u27âge carbonifère à permien reflètent un régime de compression appartenant à l\u27orogénèse varisque, lors de la collision continent-continent dans les stages finaux. Les fragments de ces microplaques sont préservés dans le socle des Carpates alpines occidentales (CWCZ, NGZ vers. IWCZ). D\u27après l\u27analyse des séquences sédimentaires, deux zones de collision continentale peuvent être établies : (1) interne avec la fin de la collision pendant la phase Bretonne (pré-Sudète), entraînant le dépôt du flysch tournaisien-viséen inférieur syn-collision ; (2) externe, avec la fin de la collision pendant la phase pré-Asturienne, comprenant le Bashkirien et, dans la partie la plus interne des Carpates occidentales (Montagne de Bükk dans le Nord de la Hongrie), le dépôt de flysch d\u27âge moscovien inférieur.Carboniferous to Permian basins reflected compression regime of the Variscan orogeny during the continent-continent collision in final stages. The fragments of these microplates are preserved in the Alpine Western Carpathians basement (CWCZ, NGZ vers. IWCZ). On the basis of sedimentary sequence analysis two zones of continental collision differing in time were established: (1) internal with termination of collision during Bretonian (pre-Sudetian) events, resulting in the syn-collision Tournaisian-Visean flysch; (2) external with termination of collision during pre-Asturian events, comprising the Bashkirian, and in the innermost part of the Western Carpathians (Bükk Mountains in the northern part of Hungary) partly even the Early Moscovian flysch sequences.</p

First evidence for Permian-Triassic boundary volcanism in the Northern Gemericum: geochemistry and U-Pb zircon geochronology

Several magmatic events based on U-Pb zircon geochronology were recognized in the Permian sedimentary succession of the Northern Gemeric Unit (NGU). The Kungurian magmatic event is dominant. The later magmatism stage was documented at the Permian-Triassic boundary. The detrital zircon assemblages from surrounding sediments documented the Sakmarian magmatic age. The post-orogenic extensional/transtensional faulting controlled the magma ascent and its emplacement. The magmatic products are represented by the calc-alkaline volcanic rocks, ranging from basaltic metaandesite to metarhyolite, associated with subordinate metabasalt. The whole group of the studied NGU Permian metavolcanics has values for the Nb/La ratio at (0.44–0.27) and for the Nb/U ratio at (9.55–4.18), which suggests that they represent mainly crustal melts. Magma derivation from continental crust or underplated crust is also indicated by high values of Y/Nb ratios, ranging from 1.63 to 4.01. The new 206U–238Pb zircon ages (concordia age at 269 ± 7 Ma) confirm the dominant Kungurian volcanic event in the NGU Permian sedimentary basin. Simultaneously, the Permian-Triassic boundary volcanism at 251 ± 4 Ma has been found for the first time. The NGU Permian volcanic activity was related to a polyphase extensional tectonic regime. Based on the new and previous U-Pb zircon ages, the bulk of the NGU Permian magmatic activity occurred during the Sakmarian and Kungurian. It was linked to the post-orogenic transpression/transtension tectonic movements that reflected the consolidation of the Variscan orogenic belt. The Permian-Triassic boundary magmatism was accompanied by extension, connected with the beginning of the Alpine Wilson cycle

Geochemistry and Sr, Nd isotopic composition of the Hronic Upper Paleozoic basic rocks (Western Carpathians, Slovakia)

The paper presents new major and trace element and first Sr-Nd isotope data from selected lavas among the Permian basaltic andesite and basalts of the Hronicum Unit and the dolerite dykes cutting mainly the Pennsylvanian strata. The basic rocks are characterized by small to moderate mg# numbers (30 to 54) and high SiO2 contents (51-57 wt. %). Low values of TiO2 (1.07-1.76 wt. %) span the low-Ti basalts. Ti/Y ratios in the dolerite dykes as well as the basaltic andesite and basalt of the 1st eruption phase are close to the recommended boundary 500 between high-Ti and low-Ti basalts. Ti/Y value from the 2nd eruption phase basalt is higher and inclined to the high-Ti basalts. In spite of this fact, in all studied Hronicum basic rocks Fe2O3* is lower than 12 wt. % and Nb/La ratios (0.3-0.6) are low, which is more characteristic of low-Ti basalts. The basic rocks are characterized by Nb/La ratios (0.56 to 0.33), and negative correlations between Nb/La and SiO2, which point to crustal assimilation and fraction crystallization. The intercept for Sr evolution lines of the 1st intrusive phase basalt is closest to the expected extrusions age (about 290 Ma) with an initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio of about 0.7054. Small differences in calculated values ISr document a partial Sr isotopic heterogeneity source (0.70435-0.70566), or possible contamination of the original magma by crustal material. For Nd analyses of the three samples, the calculated values εCHUR (285 Ma) are positive (from 1.75 to 3.97) for all samples with only subtle variation. Chemical and isotopic data permit us to assume that the parental magma for the Hronicum basic rocks was generated from an enriched heterogeneous source in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle

Provenance of Permian Malužiná Formation sandstones (Hronicum, Western Carpathians): evidence from monazite geochronology

The Permian Malužiná Formation and the Pennsylvanian Nižná Boca Formation are Upper Paleozoic volcano- sedimentary complexes in the Hronicum nappe system. Sandstones, shales and conglomerates are the dominant lithological members of the Malužiná Formation sequence. Detrital monazites were analysed by electron microprobe, to obtain Th-U-Pb ages of the source areas. The majority of detrital monazites showed Devonian-Mississippian ages, ranging from 330 to 380 Ma with a weighted average of 351 ± 3.3 (2σ), that correspond well with the main phase of arcrelated magmatic activity in the Western Carpathians. Only a small portion of detrital monazites displayed Permian ages in the range of 250-280 Ma, with a significant maximum around 255 Ma. The weighted average corresponds to 255 ± 6.2 Ma. These monazites may have been partially derived from the synsedimentary acid volcanism that was situated on the margins of the original depositional basin. However, some of the Triassic ages (230-240 Ma), reflect, most likely, the genetic relationship with the overheating connected with Permian and subsequent Triassic extensional regime. Detrital monazite ages document the Variscan age of the source area and also reflect a gradual development of the Hronicum terrestrial rift, accompanied by the heterogeneous cooling of the lithosphere

Time Series Modeling Analysis of the Development and Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Spa Tourism in Slovakia

Natural healing resources in the form of mineral and thermal waters and climatic conditions, together with a rich history and modern medical procedures, rank Slovakia among the important European countries in the field of spas. At the same time, spa tourism has a significant economic benefit for the country. This study examined the impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on spa tourism in Slovakia. The Box-Jenkins methodology was used to model and forecast the time series for selected indicators. The analysis used monthly data on the capacity and performance of spa facilities for 2006–2019 and compared the forecast development for 2020–2021 with the reality as affected by the pandemic. Despite the high quality of the models, the methodology used did not take into account an unexpected event such as a pandemic. Therefore, the models were quite inaccurate and had little predictive value. At the same time, it is clear that the pandemic significantly affected spa tourism

Late Permian volcanic dykes in the crystalline basement of the Považský Inovec Mts. (Western Carpathians): U–Th–Pb zircon SHRIMP and monazite chemical dating

This paper presents geochronological data for the volcanic dykes located in the northern Považský Inovec Mts. The dykes are up to 5 m thick and tens to hundreds of metres long. They comprise variously inclined and oriented lenses, composed of strongly altered grey-green alkali basalts. Their age was variously interpreted and discussed in the past. Dykes were emplaced into the Tatricum metamorphic rocks, mostly consisting of mica schists and gneisses of the Variscan (early Carboniferous) age. Two different methods, zircon SHRIMP and monazite chemical dating, were applied to determine the age of these dykes. U-Pb SHRIMP dating of magmatic zircons yielded the concordia age of 260.2 ± 1.4 Ma. The Th-U-Pb monazite dating of the same dyke gave the CHIME age of 259 ± 3Ma. Both ages confirm the magmatic crystallization at the boundary of the latest Middle Permian to the Late Permian. Dyke emplacement was coeval with development of the Late Paleozoic sedimentary basin known in the northern Považský Inovec Mts. and could be correlated with other pre-Mesozoic Tethyan regions especially in the Southern Alps