The relation between environmental parameters of Hormuzgan coastline in Persian Gulf and occurrence of the first harmful algal bloom of Cochlodinium polykrikoides (Gymnodiniaceae)

Cochlodinium polykrikoides was bloomed in the Persian Gulf for the first time in September 2008, started from the Strait of Hormuz and then spread out towards the northern parts covering most of the areas of the Gulf and lasted 8 months. In order to find out environmental conditions during the bloom, a monthly sampling program was carried out in seven surface stations in 2008-2009. At each station, three samples (triplicates) were collected for phytoplankton analysis and also one sample for environmental analyses, including salinity, chlorophyll a and nutrients. Blooms of C. polykrikoides were observed with a seawater temperature of 20.1 to 31.0 °C, salinity 37.0-40.1 ppt and nutrient concentration ranges during the bloom and red tide were 0.064-0.707 mg/l nitrate + nitrite and 0.001-1.66 mg/l phosphate, respectively. Maximum of C. polykrikoides abundance was measured 26 × 106 cells L-1 in October 2008. Kruscal wallis test demonstrated a significant difference in densities and chlorophyll-a in different months and seasons not in different stations. This study showed increase of temperature (>31.0 °C) stopped bloom and red tide due to C. polykrikoides in both the eastern and middle sampling stations but in the western stations was determined decrease in nutrient amounts as the major factor therefore increased nutrient of coastal waters, and environmental conditions could have efficacy the occurrence of this dinoflagellate

Difficult Endoscopic Retrieval of a Migrated Stent inside a Pseudocyst

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guided pseudocyst drainage can have complications such as bleeding, perforation, infection, and stent migration. We report a case of iatrogenic migration of stent inside a large dumbbell-shaped pseudocyst managed successfully with a difficult endoscopic retrieval procedure

Benign Orbital Tumors with Bone Destruction in Children

Purpose: To present rare benign orbital tumors with bone destruction in children who could not be diagnosed presurgically and may simulate malignant ones. Methods: A retrospective review of cases. Clinical, operative and pathological records in all children with a diagnosis of benign orbital tumors who showed remarkable bone destruction at a tertiary Ophthalmic Center in China between Jan 1, 2000 and Dec 31, 2009 were reviewed. All patients had definitive histopathologic diagnosis. Results: Eight patients with benign orbital tumors showed obvious bone destruction, including six cases of eosinophilic granuloma, one case of leiomyoma and one case of primary orbital intraosseous hemangioma. Among them, three patients were females and five patients were males. Tumors were unilateral in all cases, with both the right and left side affected equally. Age ranged from 3 to 7 years (mean 4.1 years). Symptom duration ranged from 1 to 5 weeks (mean 4.8 weeks). Eyelid swelling and palpable mass were the most common complaint. There was no evidence for multifocal involvement in cases with eosinophilic granuloma. Among six patients with eosinophilic granuloma, two were treated with low dose radiation (10 Gy), three received systemic corticosteroid and one was periodically observed only after incisional biopsy or subtotal curettage. There was no postoperative therapeutic intervention in the two patients with leiomyoma and intraosseous hemangioma. All eight patients regained normal vision without local recurrence after a mean follow-up time o

Imaging findings in craniofacial childhood rhabdomyosarcoma

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the commonest paediatric soft-tissue sarcoma constituting 3–5% of all malignancies in childhood. RMS has a predilection for the head and neck area and tumours in this location account for 40% of all childhood RMS cases. In this review we address the clinical and imaging presentations of craniofacial RMS, discuss the most appropriate imaging techniques, present characteristic imaging features and offer an overview of differential diagnostic considerations. Post-treatment changes will be briefly addressed

Investigation of Removal Efficiency of Nano Sized Alumina for Removal of Acid Red 18 from Aqueous Solutions

Background and Objectives: Acid Red 18 dye was one of the Azo colors that are used in textile and dyeing industries. These dyes are often toxic and carcinogenic to humans and the environment as pollution. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating on nano alumina efficiency for removal of Acid Red 18 dye from aqueous solutions. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in the laboratory scales and effect of The initial concentration of dye (25 to 100 mg/l), pH solution (3, 7, 11), nano alumina concentration (0.1, 0.4, 1, 1.5 g/l) and contact time in range 5 to 240 min on dye removal efficiency were evaluated. Also kinetic and isotherm models of adsorption process were evaluated. Results: The high removal efficiency was observed in pH=3, contact time=60 min and Adsorbent concentration of 0.4 g/L. The rate of color removal were 63/24, 50/84 and 20 percent respectively at pH of 3, 7 and 11 for the initial dye concentration of 25 mg/l and 0.4 g/l mass absorbent that showing with increasing pH removal efficiency is reduced. the studied dye absorption isotherm was fitted Langmuir model (R2=0.994) which was 83.33 mg/g for maximum adsorption. The results from kinetic studies showed that removal of the studied dye was best described by pseudo-second order kinetic model (r2=0.999). Conclusion: The present study shows nano alumina powder is promising adsorbent for removal of Acid Red 18 from aqueous solution

Effects of Distraction on Physiologic Indices and Pain Intensity in children aged 3-6 Undergoing IV Injection

Background & Objective: Illness, hospitalization and pain are often first crisis children faced with in their early life. Performing painful procedures such as IV injections for medical purposes are inevitable and stressful events in pediatric wards. Distraction is an inexpensive, practical, and nonpharmacological nursing intervention for pain relief. This study aimed to determine the effects of distraction on some physiological indices (heart rate and O2 saturation (and intensity of pain in the hospitalized children aged 3-6 years undergoing IV injection. Methods & Materials: In this clinical trial, 72 children aged 3-6 years who were undergoing IV insertion were recruited for the study. The participants were randomly allocated into two groups of intervention and control. Distraction technique was applied using bubble-maker in the intervention group. After 10 minutes, pain intensity was measured using OUCHER scale. Moreover, heart rate and blood oxygen saturation were measured for three minutes in both groups using Pulse Oxymeter pre- and post-intervention. Results: The findings showed statistically significant differences in the average heart rate (P<0.01) and the amount of saturated oxygen (P<0.009) and the pain intensity (P<0.001) between two groups after the intervention. The pain decreased significantly in the intervention group in comparison with the control group. Conclusion: According to the research findings, distraction with bubble-maker resulted in decreasing the physiological responses and intensity of pain in children aged 3- 6 years. This method can be useful in reliving the pain in preschool children undergoing IV insertion. &nbsp

Investigation of Nano Alumina Efficiency for Removal of Acid Red 18 Dye from Aqueous Solutions

Background: Textile and dying industries are considered most important industries of each country. In these industries due to the use of different colors in different processes, their wastewater is highly colored and must be treated before discharge to the environment. The objective of this study was Investigation of nano alumina efficiency for removal of Acid Red 18 dye from aqueous solutions. Methods: This study was carried out in the laboratory scales. Synthetic solution was made from Acid Red 18 dye stock and effect of different parameters such as dye concentration, pH solution, nano alumina concentration and contact time on dye removal efficiency were evaluated. Also kinetic and isotherm models of adsorption process were evaluated. Results: Results from experiments showed that dye removal was increased with increasing contact time and nano alumina powder concentration, while decreased with increasing of pH and dye concentration. Experimental data were best fitted to Longmuir isotherm model (r2=0.994). The maximum adsorption capacity for Acid Red 18 was found 83.33 mg g-1. The results from kinetic studies showed that removal of Acid Red 18 was best described by pseudo-second order kinetic model (r2=0.999). Conclusion: The present study shows nano alumina powder is promising adsorbent for removal of Acid Red 18 from aqueous solution

Treatment of fresh leachate from municipal solid waste landfill using horizontal roughing filter

The roughing filters have effective size of the substrate grain which is greater than 2mm. This study aimed at the examination of the efficiency of horizontal roughing filter in nitrate, turbidity and chemical oxygen demand removal (COD), obtained in the fresh leachate from municipal solid waste landfill. This experimental study was conducted in 2014 in Karaj. Sampling was done in 3 rates 0.5m/h, 1m/h and 1.5 m/h, including simultaneous sampling from input and output filtering, to determine the concentration of nitrate, turbidity and COD. The sampling period lasted from March to August (2015). The average efficiency of COD removal in filtration rates of 0.5 m/h, 1 m/h and 1.5 m/h was equal to 84, 88 and 85 respectively. The average removal efficiency of nitrate in filtration rates of 0.5 m/h, 1 m/h and 1.5 m/h was equal to 88, 88 and 85 respectively. The average removal efficiency of the turbidity in filtration rates of 0.5 m/h, 1 m/h and 1.5 m/h was equal to 72, 86 and 81 respectively. Output values of COD and nitrate were lower than the environmental organization standard (P<0.05). Based on the results of this study, the nitrate removal with a horizontal roughing filter was better than that obtained with COD and turbidity. © 2016, International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. All rights reserved