Changes in Cognitive Functions of Pupils under Conditions of Iodine Deficiency

Clinical and physiological examination of 38 children which latent hypothyroidism (the main group) and 176 apparently healthy persons of intact region (the control group) at the age from 8 to 17 years living in endemic region was carried out. To determine the functional state of the thyroid gland in blood serum the content of total triiodothyronine (Т3), total and free thyroxin (Т4, fТ4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) of adenohypophysis were determined as well as urinary iodine level was examined. The cognitive functions were characterized by the indices of attention as the result of correction test and rate of sensomotor reactions which were evaluated using modified Schulte tables. It was detected that in all children with latent hypothyroidism regardless of age work accuracy rate decreased, attention span increased slowly, fatigue developed early and rate of information analysis significantly reduced already within the first 5 minutes in comparison with analogical data in healthy children. When being tested children of the control group made fewer mistakes, the tempo of doing tasks remained higher for 5 minutes. There was a correlation between the indices of correction test, sensomotor reactions and data of thyroid status of pupils

Some Structural and Chemical Changes in Endocardial Endothelium of Rats in Emotional and Pain Stress Complicated by Hypercholesterolemia

The objective of the research was to study the content of some neutral lipids of endocardial endothelium in rats in relation to structural changes occurring in it, in the co-existence of emotional and pain stress, as well as alimentary hypercholesterolemia. Materials and methods. The electric-impulse model was used for stress modeling. Alimentary hypercholesterolemia was modeled feeding animals an atherogenic diet. The concentration of triacylglycerols, free and esterified cholesterol were examined using the method of thin-layer chromatography performed on silica gel. The concentration of free fatty acids was determined using the radiochemical method. The state of endocardial endothelium was studied with the help of light microscopy; the impression smears obtained from macro preparations of ventricle were analyzed.Results. In co-existence of stress and hypercholesterolemia, significant increase in free cholesterol as well as free fatty acid concentration was noticed. This essentially exceeded the analogical indices under the action of stress only. Structural changes in the endocardium followed by desquamation of separate endotheliocytes were the result of stress reaction. In the action of both pathogenic factors, this process was intensified; layer-by-layer exfoliation of endotheliocytes was observed. Conclusions. In acute emotional and pain stress, changes in lipid spectrum of membrane structures of endocardial endotheliocytes the main manifestation of which is the accumulation of free cholesterol in cells and increase in the levels of free fatty acids take place. The increase in the number of desquamated endothelial cells is the result of stress action as well. Alimentary hypercholesterolemia significantly increases such pathological changes. 

Efficacy of Microelements, Antioxidants and Nitric Oxide Donators Use for the Correction of NO-Synthase System in the Myocardium of Rats with Hypothyroid Dysfunction on the Background of Combined Iodine and Selenium Deficiency

The performance of NO-synthase system in the myocardium of rats with iodine deprivation, on the background of combined iodine and selenium deficiency and under conditions of iodine correction (potassium iodide); iodine and selenium (potassium iodide, selenium active); iodine, selenium, antioxidants, donators of NO (potassium iodide, selenium active, a-tocopherol acetate, L-arginine hydrochloride) was analyzed in the article. The development of hypothyroid dysfunction was detected to be accompanied by inhibition of NO-synthase system in the myocardium, mainly through inducible NOS. Potassium iodide and selenium active had positive influence on the metabolism of nitric oxide in the myocardium. This could be the result of restoration of thyroid gland functional capacity. The introduction of a-tocopherol acetate and L-arginine hydrochloride was accompanied by increase in constitutive NOS activity. Comparative analysis of experimental research on the capabilities of hypothyroid dysfunction correction on the background of microelements imbalance using potassium iodide, simultaneous administration of selenium and potassium iodide, involving a-tocopherol acetate and L-arginine hydrochloride to the scheme of correction confirms the importance of individual approach to the prevention and correction of thyroid disease manifestations

Клінічна інтерпретація морфологічних змін біоптатів нирок

A modern classification of glomerulonephrites and recommendations for their treatment are based on morphological study of the renal biopsy material. Correct interpretations of a specific clinical situation and a choice of adequate therapy are impossible without these data. The paper contains a glossary of terminology for a clinical interpretation by nephrologists, rheumatologists and other specialists of morphological conclusions for pathomorpholodists’ nephrobiopsy material.Современная классификация гломерулонефритов и рекомендации по их лечению базируются на основе морфологического исследования биоптата почки. Без этих данных невозможна правильная трактовка конкретной клинической ситуации и выбор адекватной терапии. В работе приведен терминологический глоссарий для клинической интерпретации нефрологами, ревматологами и другими специалистами морфологических заключений нефробиоптатов патоморфологов.Сучасна класифікація гломерулонефритів та рекомендації щодо їх лікування базуються на основі морфологічного дослідження біоптату нирки. Без цих даних неможливе правильне трактування конкретної клінічної ситуації та вибір адекватної терапії. У роботі наведений термінологічний глосарій для клінічної інтерпретації нефрологами, ревматологами та іншими фахівцями морфологічних висновків нефробіоптатів патоморфологів