41 research outputs found
Three-dimensional echocardiographic analysis of left ventricular function during hemodialysis
Assessment of left ventricular function by three-dimensional echocardiography.
Accurate determination of LV volume, ejection fraction and segmental wall
motion abnormalities is important for clinical decision-making and
follow-up assessment. Currently, echocardiography is the most common used
method to obtain this information. Three-dimensional echocardiography has
shown to be an accurate and reproducible method for LV quantitation,
mainly by avoiding the use of geometric assumptions. In this review, we
describe various methods to acquire a 3D-dataset for LV volume and wall
motion analysis, including their advantages and limitations. We provide an
overview of studies comparing LV volume and function measurement by
various gated and real-time methods of acquisition compared to magnetic
resonance imaging. New technical improvements, such as automated
endocardial border detection and contrast enhancement, will make accurate
on-line assessment with little operator interaction possible in the near
future
Emerging technologies for the management of Type 1 diabetes in pregnancy
Purpose of Review: The purpose of the study is to discuss emerging technologies available in the management of type 1 diabetes in pregnancy. Recent Findings: The latest evidence suggests that continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) should be offered to all women on intensive insulin therapy in early pregnancy. Studies have additionally demonstrated the ability of CGM to help gain insight into specific glucose profiles as they relate to glycaemic targets and pregnancy outcomes. Despite new studies comparing insulin pump therapy to multiple daily injections, its effectiveness in improving glucose and pregnancy outcomes remains unclear. Sensor-integrated insulin delivery (also called artificial pancreas or closed-loop insulin delivery) in pregnancy has been demonstrated to improve time in target and performs well despite the changing insulin demands of pregnancy. Summary: Emerging technologies show promise in the management of type 1 diabetes in pregnancy; however, research must continue to keep up as technology advances. Further research is needed to clarify the role technology can play in optimising glucose control before and during pregnancy as well as to understand which women are candidates for sensor-integrated insulin delivery
Serum phosphate and social deprivation independently predict all-cause mortality in chronic kidney disease
Comparison of fundamental, second harmonic, and superharmonic imaging: A simulation study
In medical ultrasound, fundamental imaging (FI) uses the reflected echoes from the same spectral band as that of the emitted pulse. The transmission frequency determines the trade-off between penetration depth and spatial resolution. Tissue harmonic imaging (THI) employs the second harmonic of the emitted frequency band to construct images. Recently, superharmonic imaging (SHI) has been introduced, which uses the third to the fifth (super) harmonics. The harmonic level is determined by two competing phenomena: nonlinear propagation and frequency dependent attenuation. Thus, the transmission frequency yielding the optimal trade-off between the spatial resolution and the penetration depth differs for THI and SHI. This paper quantitatively compares the concepts of fundamental, second harmonic, and superharmonic echocardiography at their optimal transmission frequencies. Forward propagation is modeled using a 3D-KZK implementation and the iterative nonlinear contrast source (INCS) method. Backpropagation is assumed to be linear. Results show that the fundamental lateral beamwidth is the narrowest at focus, while the superharmonic one is narrower outside the focus. The lateral superharmonic roll-off exceeds the fundamental and second harmonic roll-off. Also, the axial resolution of SHI exceeds that of FI and THI. The far-field pulse-echo superharmonic pressure is lower than that of the fundamental and second harmonic. SHI appears suited for echocardiography and is expected to improve its image quality at the cost of a slight reduction in depth-of-field. (C) 2011 Acoustical Society of America. [DOI: 10.1121/1.3643815