Prüfung verschiedener Erbsentypen auf deren Krankheitsanfälligkeit, Biomasse und Kornertrag

Generally, purple-flowered peas are considered to be less susceptible to soil-borne diseases and pests than white-flowered peas. Besides, forage peas usually produce more aboveground biomass and less grain yields in comparison to grain peas. Tolerance to soil-borne diseases, above- and belowground biomass and grain yields of two white-flowered (forage and grain pea, respectively) and one purple-flowered (forage pea) pea were examined in a field experiment in Bavaria, Germany. Purple-flowered peas had neither obvious higher tolerance to soil-borne diseases nor more biomass yield compared to white-flowered peas. Furthermore, the grain yields in this experiment were extremely low and there was no significant difference between the two types. A possible cause could be the unsuitable weather conditions, which caused an increased disease pressure and resulted in low grain and biomass yields. Hence, it can be assumed purple-flowered peas are generally not less susceptible to soil-borne pests than white-flowered peas

Phosphordüngewirkung karbonisierter Biogasgärreste

P-recycling from biogas residue may play a future key role for sustainable P supply in organic farming. However, in particular transportation costs of residue need to be reduced e.g. by pretreatment. One approach is carbonization by pyrolysis or hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). In a pot trial with maize on a P-deficient, acidic sandy loam P uptake after application of two chars from pyrolysis (400 and 700 °C) and HTC (6 and 8 h dwell time) all made of the same residue was compared to P uptake after application of the raw residue and water soluble KH2PO4 respectively. P uptake was the same for KH2PO4, raw residue and both HTC treatments, but was significant lower in treatments with pyrolytic chars. Neither dwell time nor temperature had an effect. However, whereas pyrolysis raised P concentration, in HTC chars it was the same as in the raw residue. Also P was extracted from soil of pots without plants at beginning, half and end of the trial using H2O, CAT, CAL and Na-formate respectively. For CAT, CAL and Na-formate significant correlations between P uptake by maize and extractable P at all dates exist, whereas for H2O this was only true for extractable P at the end of the trial

Beeinflusst der Boden die N-Freisetzung aus pflanzlichen Düngern?

One consequence of the BSE-crisis is, that animal residue derived N-fertilisers used in organic horticulture are to be replaced. As an alternative plant derived N-fertilisers have been investigated. In an incubation experiment these fertilisers mineralised 40 to 60 % of the total N applied. Net N-mineralisation in the incubation experiment as well as plant N-utilisation in a pot experiment were closely related to the N-content of the fertilisers. Fertilisers increased the N-uptake of plants in any soil. Neither texture nor the content of Corg explained the observed differences in fertiliser use efficiency

Einsatz von Abwasser aus der Kartoffelstaerkeproduktion in landwirtschaftlichen Fruchtfolgen

Available from TIB Hannover: DW 1328 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

Therapy options in the treatment of cervical invasive cancer FIGO IA1 L1- IB1 in women of fertile age

Die vorliegende Arbeit soll innovative Therapieoptionen und deren Ergebnisse zur Behandlung des frühinvasiven Zervixkarzinoms der FIGO Stadien IA1 L1-IB1 bei Frauen im fertilen Alter mit dem Wunsch nach minimal invasiver Chirurgie, Fertilitäts- bzw. Schwangerschaftserhalt aufzeigen. Der Wunsch nach fertilitätserhaltender Chirurgie und schwangerschaftserhaltender Therapie bei maximaler onkologischer Sicherheit nimmt zu, da 40 % der mit einem Zervixkarzinom diagnostizierten Patientinnen jünger als 45 Jahre sind und gleichzeitig das Alter der Erstgebärenden ansteigt. Minimal invasive Operationstechniken, bei gleichen onkologischen Ergebnissen, sind heute etablierte operative Alternativen zur abdominalen radikalen Hysterektomie (ARH). Für die Patientinnen führen laparoskopische oder laparoskopisch- vaginale oder roboter-assistierte OP-Techniken neben einem verbesserten kosmetischen Ergebnis zu einer schnelleren Rekonvaleszenz bei reduzierter intra- und postoperativer Komplikationsrate. Die Modifikation der laparoskopisch-assistierten radikalen vaginalen Hysterektomie (LARVH) zur vaginal assistierten laparoskopisch radikalen Hysterektomie (VALRH) ermöglicht bei gleichen onkologischen Ergebnissen nochmals eine deutlich verringerte intraoperative Komplikationsrate. In einer weiteren Studie konnte unsere Arbeitsgruppe zeigen, dass für Patientinnen nach einer fertilitätserhaltenden Operation eines frühinvasiven Zervixkarzinoms (radikale vaginale Trachelektomie – RVT) bei einem 5-Jahres-rezidivfreien Überleben von 94,4 % eine Schwangerschaftsrate von bis zu 66 % erreicht werden kann. Die Applikation einer neoadjuvanten Cisplatin-Monochemotherapie bei schwangeren Patientinnen mit der Diagnose eines Zervixkarzinoms ist bei nodal negativen Frauen eine therapeutische Möglichkeit der Tumortherapieverzögerung bis zum Erreichen der fetalen Lebensfähigkeit bei hoher onkologischer Sicherheit für die Mutter. Nachdem unsere Arbeitsgruppe erstmals in-vivo nachweisen konnte, dass nur ca. 50 % der mütterlichen Platinkonzentration im kindlichen Blut nachweisbar ist, zeigen die pädiatrischen Ergebnisse ebenfalls, dass diese Therapieoption sicher für den Fetus und das Neugeborene ist. Ein pädiatrisches Langzeit-Follow-up ist hier jedoch unbedingt notwendig, um eventuelle Spätfolgen zu evaluieren.The thesis discusses innovative treatment options and subsequent results for the management of cervical cancer (FIGO stages IA1 L1 - IB1) in women of reproductive age who desire minimally invasive surgery, combined with fertility and pregnancy-preserving therapy. The request for fertility and pregnancy-conserving therapy with maximal oncological safety is increasing. Currently 40% of patients diagnosed with cervical cancer are younger than 45 years of age at presentation and concurrently the mean age of Primipara is increasing. Minimally invasive surgical techniques, with the same oncology clearance, are now well established alternatives to surgical abdominal radical hysterectomy (ARH). Laparoscopic and vaginal or laparoscopic surgical robotic- assisted techniques facilitate improved cosmetic results, faster recovery times and reduced intra- and post-operative complications. The modification of laparoscopically assisted vaginal radical hysterectomy (LARVH) to assisted laparoscopic radical vaginal hysterectomy (VALRH) yields the same oncological clearance combined with significantly reduced intraoperative complications. In an additional study our group has shown that in patients treated with fertility preserving surgery for early invasive cervical cancer (radical vaginal trachelectomy- RVT) a recurrence-free 5 year survival rate of 94.4% and a pregnancy rate of up to 66 % can be reached. The neo-adjuvant Cisplatin- monochemotherapy application in lymph nodal negative patients with cervical cancer complicated by second trimester pregnancy is a therapeutic option for treatment delay until fetal maturity is reached with a high oncologic maternal safety. These first in vivo results show that only 50% of maternal cisplatin serum concentration is detected in the umbilical cord while the pediatric follow-up give additional security for the fetus and the newborn to apply neoadjuvant cisplatin chemotherapy after laparoscopic staging to pregnant women with cervical cancer. Long-term oncologic and pediatric follow-up is mandatory to validate this data

The Effect of Salinity on Fruit Quality and Yield of Cherry Tomatoes

Hydroponic cultivation of vegetables avoids problems with soil-borne plant pathogens and may allow higher yield. In arid climates and particularly on islands, high concentrations of sodium chloride can be present in the groundwater. For instance, in many sites of Malta, the groundwater contains more than 10 mM sodium chloride. Here we investigated the effects of sodium chloride at levels typically found in Malta on yield, physiology and fruit quality of tomato, the economically most important vegetable. We selected cherry tomatoes since their production is attractive due to their high marketing value. While the yield declined at higher salinity levels tested (17 and 34 mM), the quality increased significantly as indicated by higher total soluble solids and fructose and glucose levels. The type of substrate—coco peat, perlite or Rockwool—had only minor effects. Although the concentration of citric acid and malic acid remained unaffected, the pH dropped by approximately 0.1 unit and the titratable acidity increased slightly. This might be explained by a high uptake of chloride but a lower increase of the sodium content and a reduced potassium level in the fruits, shifting the equilibrium of the organic acids more to their protonated forms. Proline increased significantly, while the level of glutamic acid, which is crucial for the taste, remained unchanged. Our results show that cherry tomatoes can be cultivated in nutrient solutions prepared with salt-containing groundwater, as found in Malta. The yield declined to some extent but the quality of the produced fruits was higher compared to cultivation in salt-free media

The Effect of Salinity on Fruit Quality and Yield of Cherry Tomatoes

Hydroponic cultivation of vegetables avoids problems with soil-borne plant pathogens and may allow higher yield. In arid climates and particularly on islands, high concentrations of sodium chloride can be present in the groundwater. For instance, in many sites of Malta, the groundwater contains more than 10 mM sodium chloride. Here we investigated the effects of sodium chloride at levels typically found in Malta on yield, physiology and fruit quality of tomato, the economically most important vegetable. We selected cherry tomatoes since their production is attractive due to their high marketing value. While the yield declined at higher salinity levels tested (17 and 34 mM), the quality increased significantly as indicated by higher total soluble solids and fructose and glucose levels. The type of substrate—coco peat, perlite or Rockwool—had only minor effects. Although the concentration of citric acid and malic acid remained unaffected, the pH dropped by approximately 0.1 unit and the titratable acidity increased slightly. This might be explained by a high uptake of chloride but a lower increase of the sodium content and a reduced potassium level in the fruits, shifting the equilibrium of the organic acids more to their protonated forms. Proline increased significantly, while the level of glutamic acid, which is crucial for the taste, remained unchanged. Our results show that cherry tomatoes can be cultivated in nutrient solutions prepared with salt-containing groundwater, as found in Malta. The yield declined to some extent but the quality of the produced fruits was higher compared to cultivation in salt-free media

Plant Nutrition: Physiological and Metabolic Responses, Molecular Mechanisms and Chromatin Modifications

Plant growth and crop yield highly depend on the availability of all required nutrients, ideally in well-balanced ratios [...