3,477 research outputs found
Control of apple scab by curative applications of biocontrol agents
In organic apple growing protective applications with copper, sulphur or lime sulphur are
used for apple scab control. Protective applications have to be repeated when new leaves
unfold. The timing of protective sprays depends on the weather forecast. If forecasted
infection conditions fail to appear, treatments were for nothing. With curative control
agents available, the number of treatments could be reduced. In greenhouse trials we
tested control agents for their protective and curative efficiency against apple scab after
artificial inoculation of potted apple trees. Applications were done 2 hours before
inoculation, 5 hours after inoculation on wet leaves, 5 hours after inoculation during
simulated rainfall or 24 hours after inoculation on wet or dry leaves. The optimal time of
application differed between the preparations tested. Vitisan and OmniProtect had their
highest activity when sprayed curative 24 hours after inoculation. Combinations were
found, which revealed a high efficiency against apple scab from 2h before to 24 hours after
inoculation. In a field trial apple scab was effectively controlled by curative applications of
OmniProtect
Clinical reasoning in feline epilepsy: Which combination of clinical information is useful?
We sought to identify the association between clinical risk factors and the diagnosis of idiopathic epilepsy (IE) or structural epilepsy (SE) in cats, using statistical models to identify combinations of discrete parameters from the patient signalment, history and neurological examination findings that could suggest the most likely diagnosis. Data for 138 cats with recurrent seizures were reviewed, of which 110 were valid for inclusion. Seizure aetiology was classified as IE in 57% and SE in 43% of cats. Binomial logistic regression analyses demonstrated that pedigree status, older age at seizure onset (particularly >7 years old), abnormal neurological examinations, and ictal vocalisation were associated with a diagnosis of SE compared to IE, and that ictal salivation was more likely to be associated with a diagnosis of IE than SE. These findings support the importance of considering inter-ictal neurological deficits and seizure history in clinical reasoning
Microoptical Realization of Arrays of Selectively Addressable Dipole Traps: A Scalable Configuration for Quantum Computation with Atomic Qubits
We experimentally demonstrate novel structures for the realisation of
registers of atomic qubits: We trap neutral atoms in one and two-dimensional
arrays of far-detuned dipole traps obtained by focusing a red-detuned laser
beam with a microfabricated array of microlenses. We are able to selectively
address individual trap sites due to their large lateral separation of 125 mu
m. We initialize and read out different internal states for the individual
sites. We also create two interleaved sets of trap arrays with adjustable
separation, as required for many proposed implementations of quantum gate
operations
Accurate determination of the free-free Gaunt factor. II - relativistic Gaunt factors
When modelling an ionised plasma, all spectral synthesis codes need the
thermally averaged free-free Gaunt factor defined over a very wide range of
parameter space in order to produce an accurate prediction for the spectrum.
Until now no data set exists that would meet these needs completely. We have
therefore produced a table of relativistic Gaunt factors over a much wider
range of parameter space than has ever been produced before. We present tables
of the thermally averaged Gaunt factor covering the range log10(gamma^2) = -6
to 10 and log10(u) = -16 to 13 for all atomic numbers Z = 1 through 36. The
data were calculated using the relativistic Bethe-Heitler-Elwert (BHE)
approximation and were subsequently merged with accurate non-relativistic
results in those parts of the parameter space where the BHE approximation is
not valid. These data will be incorporated in the next major release of the
spectral synthesis code Cloudy. We also produced tables of the frequency
integrated Gaunt factor covering the parameter space log10(gamma^2) = -6 to 10
for all values of Z between 1 and 36. All the data presented in this paper are
available online.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figures, 2 table
Spin-orbit coupling and phase-coherence in InAs nanowires
We investigated the magnetotransport of InAs nanowires grown by selective
area metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy. In the temperature range between 0.5
and 30 K reproducible fluctuations in the conductance upon variation of the
magnetic field or the back-gate voltage are observed, which are attributed to
electron interference effects in small disordered conductors. From the
correlation field of the magnetoconductance fluctuations the phase-coherence
length l_phi is determined. At the lowest temperatures l_phi is found to be at
least 300 nm, while for temperatures exceeding 2 K a monotonous decrease of
l_phi with temperature is observed. A direct observation of the weak
antilocalization effect indicating the presence of spin-orbit coupling is
masked by the strong magnetoconductance fluctuations. However, by averaging the
magnetoconductance over a range of gate voltages a clear peak in the
magnetoconductance due to the weak antilocalization effect was resolved. By
comparison of the experimental data to simulations based on a recursive
two-dimensional Green's function approach a spin-orbit scattering length of
approximately 70 nm was extracted, indicating the presence of strong spin-orbit
coupling.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figure
Accurate determination of the free-free Gaunt factor; I - non-relativistic Gaunt factors
Modern spectral synthesis codes need the thermally averaged free-free Gaunt
factor defined over a very wide range of parameter space in order to produce an
accurate prediction for the spectrum emitted by an ionized plasma. Until now no
set of data exists that would meet this need in a fully satisfactory way. We
have therefore undertaken to produce a table of very accurate non-relativistic
Gaunt factors over a much wider range of parameters than has ever been produced
before. We first produced a table of non-averaged Gaunt factors, covering the
parameter space log10(epsilon_i) = -20 to +10 and log10(w) = -30 to +25. We
then continued to produce a table of thermally averaged Gaunt factors covering
the parameter space log10(gamma^2) = -6 to +10 and log10(u) = -16 to +13.
Finally we produced a table of the frequency integrated Gaunt factor covering
the parameter space log10(gamma^2) = -6 to +10. All the data presented in this
paper are available online.Comment: 10 pages, 5 tables, 3 figures. Fixed typo in Eq. 1
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