Deployment of PON in Europe and Deep Data Analysis of GPON

This chapter discusses the extensibility of fiber to the x (FTTx) households, specifically in the territory of the European Union. The Czech Republic has made a commitment to other member states to provide connectivity of at least 100 Mbit/s for half of the households by 2020. Although Internet access in the Czech Republic is mostly dominated by wireless fidelity (WiFi), this technology is not capable of meeting the demanding current demands at a reasonable price. As a result, passive optical networks are on the rise in access networks and in mobile cell networks by fiber to the antenna (FTTA). Passive optical networks use much more complex networks. In cooperation with Orange Slovakia, the analysis of the transmitted data was conducted. The optical network unit management and control interface (OMCI) channel data, as well as the activation data associated with specific end units, were analyzed. We propose a complete analysis of the end-unit-related activation process, download, and initialization of the data image for setting the end units and voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) parameters. Finally, we performed an analysis of the transmission of dying gasp messages

High Speed (100G) Access Networks

Passive optical networks are currently the most promising solution for access networks. Increasing bandwidth requirements and big data applications need to a huge bandwidth. Nowadays, gigabit passive optical networks do not seem to be suitable for these purposes. This paper is focused ondescribing the development, parameters, and needs for HighSpeed Access Networks (such as 100G EPON). The simulationswith current wavelengths plans are presented. For simulations,we used VPITransmissionMakerTM 9.7. Our goal was to createa rudimentary bidirectional PON system with one ONU anddo several simulation scenarios by artificially increasing loss ina splitter for simulating more ONUs. Our following results consist of BER values and eye diagrams for each simulation scenario and proof that 100G EPON networks are most promising networks for the future

Simulations of Grant Allocation in NG-PON2 Networks Using OPNET Modeler

Passive optical networks are the most promising networks for the future. In 1998, the first standard of PONs was developed. Since that time, quality of optical transmissions and technologies has been massively improved and today's standards are capable of transferring an enormous amount of data. For example, NG-PON2 networks are able to transfer up to 40 Gbit/s, which means these networks provide subscribers with a symmetric bandwidth up to 10 Gbit/s using 4 different wavelengths. The higher transmission speeds are required, the more sophisticated bandwidth allocation reflecting requirements of each ONU in real-time is necessary. This article deals with implementation of NG-PON2 networks using OPNET Modeler and simulations of static and dynamic grants allocations. We also present a modification of dynamic bandwidth allocation for increasing the free bandwidth of idle ONU to heavily loaded ONU(s). We propose a simplified NG-PON2 network, for example, activation machine for ONUs is not implemented

High Speed (100G) Access Networks

Passive optical networks are currently the most promising solution for access networks. Increasing bandwidth requirements and big data applications need to a huge bandwidth. Nowadays, gigabit passive optical networks do not seem to be suitable for these purposes. This paper is focused ondescribing the development, parameters, and needs for HighSpeed Access Networks (such as 100G EPON). The simulationswith current wavelengths plans are presented. For simulations,we used VPITransmissionMakerTM 9.7. Our goal was to createa rudimentary bidirectional PON system with one ONU anddo several simulation scenarios by artificially increasing loss ina splitter for simulating more ONUs. Our following results consist of BER values and eye diagrams for each simulation scenario and proof that 100G EPON networks are most promising networks for the future

Transmission Convergence Layer of NG-PON2 in VPIphotonics Tool

Passive optical networks are the most promising solution for access networks. The first standard provided only 155 Mbit/s but current networks work according to ITU-T G.984.3 with 2.5 Gbit/s in downstream. However, NG-PON2 offers up to 40 Gbit/s in downstream by 4 different wavelengths. This article deals with an implementation of transmission convergence layer in VPIphotonics. This tool is dedicated only for simulations of physical layer. The main aim is to present a simulation of physical layer for NG-PON2 in comparison with our implementation of transmission convergence layer and encapsulated frames according to ITU-T G.989.3. Our results confirm expanding the entire system reach with the real encapsulation method of 3 sublayers model and error correction mechanism. The 3 sublayers model can be easily extended to all passive optical networks simulations in VPIphotonics simulation tool

Simulations of Grant Allocation in NG-PON2 Networks Using OPNET Modeler

Passive optical networks are the most promising networks for the future. In 1998, the first standard of PONs was developed. Since that time, quality of optical transmissions and technologies has been massively improved and today\u27s standards are capable of transferring an enormous amount of data. For example, NG-PON2 networks are able to transfer up to 40 Gbit/s, which means these networks provide subscribers with a symmetric bandwidth up to 10 Gbit/s using 4 different wavelengths. The higher transmission speeds are required, the more sophisticated bandwidth allocation reflecting requirements of each ONU in real-time is necessary. This article deals with implementation of NG-PON2 networks using OPNET Modeler and simulations of static and dynamic grants allocations. We also present a modification of dynamic bandwidth allocation for increasing the free bandwidth of idle ONU to heavily loaded ONU(s). We propose a simplified NG-PON2 network, for example, activation machine for ONUs is not implemented

Modified GIANT Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation Algorithm of NG-PON

Gigabit passive optical networks have been widely deployed due to the fact that the cost of their implementation is still decreasing. What is more important, we are facing theproblem with increasing demands on the transmission bandwidth. Regarding this issue, the ITU develops another two standards supporting higher downstream bitrate. The XG-PON standard is the first platform under the developing, and the NG-PON2 is the second standard. The first one provides compatibility and increases the downstream capacity of 10 Gbit/s and the second standard has the same assumptions, but does not have backward compatibility. In this article, we discuss only XG-PON networks. We choose amendment as the dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithms, and we have compared it with the original specification and with our modification. The primary intention of that modification is to reduce the delay of Triple Play (data, video, and voice) services. These services are represented by TCONT (Transmission Container), which is used to improve the PON system upstream bandwidth allocation and transmission status dynamically. As NS-3 simulator does not support the direct mapping of Triple Play services into T-CONT and their labeling. We focus on a delay value for Triple Play services which was reduced by own modification in a GIANT algorithm. On the other hand, we cannot reduce the delay value for VoIP services because it has the highest priority by T-CONT