Thiamin, riboflavin, pyridoxine and niacin requirements of growing Japanese quail fed purified diets

Growing Japanese quail at 35 days of the experiment, weighed respectively, as follows when fed the various levels of a test vitamin in their diet: (a) thiamin hydrochloride (mg/kg diet), 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, and 3.5; body weight (g), 68.5, 94.8, 105.7, 103.3, 99.4 and 97.4. (b) riboflavin (mg/kg diet), 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3; body weight (g), dead, 45.3, 72.6, 103.0, 100.2 and 103.9. (c) pyridoxine hydrochloride (mg/kg diet), 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, and 3.5; body weight (g), 91.9, 101.6, 102.5, 105.9, 105.7, and 103.2. (d) niacin (mg/kg diet), 5, 10,15, 20, 25, and 30; body weight (g), 93.8, 100.8, 105.2, 106.8, 101.9, and 109.4. The dietary supplements for growing Japanese quail are estimated to be as follows (mg/kg diet): thiamin hydrochloride, 1.5; riboflavin, 2; pyridoxine hydrochloride, 1.5; and niacin, 15

The suppression of magnetism and the development of superconductivity within the collapsed tetragonal phase of Ca0.67Sr0.33Fe2As2 at high pressure

Structural and electronic characterization of (Ca0.67Sr0.33)Fe2As2 has been performed as a func- tion of pressure up to 12 GPa using conventional and designer diamond anvil cells. The compound (Ca0.67Sr0.33)Fe2As2 behaves intermediate between its end members-CaFe2As2 and SrFe2As2- displaying a suppression of magnetism and the onset of superconductivity. Like other members of the AEFe2As2 family, (Ca0.67Sr0.33)Fe2As2 undergoes a pressure-induced isostructural volume collapse, which we associate with the development of As-As bonding across the mirror plane of the structure. This collapsed tetragonal phase abruptly cuts off the magnetic state, giving rise to superconductivity with a maximum Tc=22.2 K. The maximum Tc of the superconducting phase is not strongly correlated with any structural parameter, but its proximity to the abrupt suppression of magnetism as well as the volume collapse transition suggests that magnetic interactions and structural inhomogeneity may play a role in its development. The pressure-dependent evolution of the ordered states and crystal structures in (Ca,Sr)Fe2As2 provides an avenue to understand the generic behavior of the other members of the AEFe2As2 family.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figure

Self-Assembly of Patchy Colloidal Dumbbells

We employ Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the self-assembly of patchy colloidal dumbbells interacting via a modified Kern-Frenkel potential by probing the system concentration and dumbbell shape. We consider dumbbells consisting of one attractive sphere with diameter $\sigma_1$ and one repulsive sphere with diameter $\sigma_2$ and center-to-center distance $d$ between the spheres. For three different size ratios, we study the self-assembled structures for different separations $l = 2d/(\sigma_1+\sigma_2)$ between the two spheres. In particular, we focus on structures that can be assembled from the homogeneous fluid, as these might be of interest in experiments. We use cluster order parameters to classify the shape of the formed structures. When the size of the spheres is almost equal, $q=\sigma_2/\sigma_1=1.035$, we find that, upon increasing $l$, spherical micelles are transformed to elongated micelles and finally to vesicles and bilayers. For size ratio $q=1.25$ we observe a continuously tunable transition from spherical to elongated micelles upon increasing the sphere separation. For size ratio $q=0.95$ we find bilayers and vesicles, plus faceted polyhedra and liquid droplets. Our results identify key parameters to create colloidal vesicles with attractive dumbbells in experiments