Space-time random walk loop measures

In this work, we investigate a novel setting of Markovian loop measures and introduce a new class of loop measures called Bosonic loop measures. Namely, we consider loop soups with varying intensity $\mu\le 0$ (chemical potential in physics terms), and secondly, we study Markovian loop measures on graphs with an additional "time" dimension leading to so-called space-time random walks and their loop measures and Poisson point loop processes. Interesting phenomena appear when the additional coordinate of the space-time process is on a discrete torus with non-symmetric jump rates. The projection of these space-time random walk loop measures onto the space dimensions is loop measures on the spatial graph, and in the scaling limit of the discrete torus, these loop measures converge to the so-called [Bosonic loop measures]. This provides a natural probabilistic definition of [Bosonic loop measures]. These novel loop measures have similarities with the standard Markovian loop measures only that they give weights to loops of certain lengths, namely any length which is multiple of a given length $\beta> 0$ which serves as an additional parameter. We complement our study with generalised versions of Dynkin's isomorphism theorem (including a version for the whole complex field) as well as Symanzik's moment formulae for complex Gaussian measures. Due to the lacking symmetry of our space-time random walks, the distributions of the occupation time fields are given in terms of complex Gaussian measures over complex-valued random fields ([B92,BIS09]. Our space-time setting allows obtaining quantum correlation functions as torus limits of space-time correlation functions.Comment: 3 figure

The resolution of case conflicts : a pilot study

This paper reports the results of a pilot study on the resolution of case conflicts in German free relative constructions. Section 1 gives a brief introduction into the phenomenon, section 2 presents the experiment and its results, section 3 ends the paper with a brief more general discussion

The German turnover tax statistics panel

Based on the yearly turnover tax statistics, the German turnover tax statistics panel allows for the first time detailed longitudinal analyses of nearly all economic sectors. In addition to turnover tax related variables, the dataset provides information about exports, imports and, due to the combination with the German business register (Unternehmensregister), information about employees liable to pay social insurance. The panel contains more than 4.3 million enterprises and 1.9 million of these are covered over the whole time period from 2001 to 2005. There is no other German statistics that covers nearly all economic sectors with such completeness. In the following we give an overview of the turnover tax statistics and the matching process (sections 2 and 3). Section 4 describes the variables included in the dataset and in section 5 examples of the research potential are presented. The paper closes with information about the way of data access (section 6).

The transfer of family businesses in Northern Germany and Austria

The transfer of family businesses from one generation to the next can be considered as an event with far-reaching effects for the business. Investments and decisions about restructuring the business are closely tied to succession considerations. This paper analyzes successions plans in the primary sector using a survey conducted in 2003 of 348 farmers in Schleswig-Holstein (Northern Germany) and 278 farmers in Austria. Three samples were obtained: full time farmers in Schleswig-Holstein, full time farmers in Austria and part time farmers in Austria. The structure of the farm sector in both countries differs in several ways: Farmers in Schleswig-Holstein operate on larger scales, are more market oriented and use more intensive production technologies than their Austrian counterparts. In addition, Austrian farmers have distinct traditional attitudes in farming and are likely located in disadvantaged areas on average. The analysis focuses on differences in succession plans and farm family characteristics in the three samples. This encompasses the fact that farms in Schleswig-Holstein have proportionally higher rates of identified successors and farm adjustment plans than in Austria. Results also show that there are not only significant differences in farm succession patterns, but also in value systems. --

A study of the relationship of science interest to an understanding of physical science principles at the sixth grade level

Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston Universit

Die Integration Österreich in die Europäische Union aus Sicht österreichischer Biobäuerinnen und Biobauern

The organic farming sector is influenced by a political, economic and social institu-tional environment. The development of organic farming in Austria has to be seen in context with the EU accession in 1995. How organic farmers perceived the conse-quences of Austria’s EU membership and how they dealt with the changing environ-ment was analyzed by an in-depth study at the University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna. Some results are presented in this paper

Space-time random walk loop measures

In this work, we introduce and investigate two novel classes of loop measures, space–time Markovian loop measures and Bosonic loop measures, respectively. We consider loop soups with intensity (chemical potential in physics terms), and secondly, we study Markovian loop measures on graphs with an additional “time” dimension leading to so-called space–time random walks and their loop measures and Poisson point loop processes. Interesting phenomena appear when the additional coordinate of the space–time process is on a discrete torus with non-symmetric jump rates. The projection of these space–time random walk loop measures onto the space dimensions is loop measures on the spatial graph, and in the scaling limit of the discrete torus, these loop measures converge to the so-called Bosonic loop measures. This provides a natural probabilistic definition of Bosonic loop measures. These novel loop measures have similarities with the standard Markovian loop measures only that they give weights to loops of certain lengths, namely any length which is multiple of a given length which serves as an additional parameter. We complement our study with generalised versions of Dynkin’s isomorphism theorem (including a version for the whole complex field) as well as Symanzik’s moment formulae for complex Gaussian measures. Due to the lacking symmetry of our space–time random walks, the distributions of the occupation time fields are given in terms of complex Gaussian measures over complex-valued random fields [8], [10]. Our space–time setting allows obtaining quantum correlation functions as torus limits of space–time correlation functions