Assessment of News Items Objectivity in Mass Media of Countries with Intelligence Systems: the Brexit Case

The role of mass media in society keeps the problem of manipulative influence distinction and the contiguous phenomena, chief among which is objectivity and authenticity of news items, current. The research provides a detailed study of the information broadcasting mechanisms in the media area, defines the problems, impeding an impersonal reproduction and disclosure of information, clarifies the verification methods, and gives their topology. In this research, we examined how the mass media of different countries presented the same event to the public. The publications of four mass media, concerning such an event as the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union (Brexit), have been determined as an object of the analysis. The chosen mass media refer to the countries, which are not the direct participants of that process: Russia, the USA, and Ukraine. D. Brewer’s criteria were used to define the objectivity of the news items. A relative sentiment of the news, which became the objective analysis basis, has been identified using linguistic rate with Eureka Engine intelligence system. The obtained results predominantly confirmed the hypothesis, that the mass media of different countries would represent the process of the UK withdrawal from the EU according to the country’s policy and interpret the facts in their favor. All the four mass media demonstrate the partiality when broadcasting the current situation in the matter of Brexit. The concepts being the semantic kernel elements of mass media publications have emotional coloring. The sentiment analysis of the publications resulted in the conclusion that only one of the four mass media gave a neutral assessment of the Brexit situation. The other three held to the political stance of their edition or government. The research results indicate that the problem of mass media objectivity remains relevant. The correctional impact on public opinion through mass media is extremely high. Therefore, forming the personal attitude toward the situation or event should occur with using several verifications methods and mass media sources at once

Trends in the Spread of Fake News in Mass Media

The paper looks at the phenomenon of fake news in the modern media. Attempts have been made to provide the theoretical background of the phenomenon of fabricating information and clarify the signs of false messages. The empirical review deals with the trends in spreading fake news in the media landscape. We rank fake news topics by popularity; examine the issues of changing public trust in various news media as a source of information; structure the sources of misinformation and identify the major motives behind them; and discuss positive and negative outcomes of posting fake news. The study shows that propaganda is effective if society receives customized information that triggers the expected emotional response of the target audience. For these purposes, the article establishes the fundamental mechanisms for using fake news. The research presents the criteria for identifying fake news and develops its classification according to the degree of falsity. The generalization conducted makes it possible to conceptualize the phenomenon of fake news. The research results aim to resolve the problem of recognizing and controlling fake news in the mass media

Assessment of News Items Objectivity in Mass Media of Countries with Intelligence Systems: the Brexit Case

TThe role of mass media in society keeps the problem of manipulative influence distinction and the contiguous phenomena, chief among which is objectivity and authenticity of news items, current. The research provides a detailed study of the information broadcasting mechanisms in the media area, defines the problems, impeding an impersonal reproduction and disclosure of information, clarifies the verification methods, and gives their topology. In this research, we examined how the mass media of different countries presented the same event to the public. The publications of four mass media, concerning such an event as the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union (Brexit), have been determined as an object of the analysis. The chosen mass media refer to the countries, which are not the direct participants of that process: Russia, the USA, and Ukraine. D. Brewer’s criteria were used to define the objectivity of the news items. A relative sentiment of the news, which became the objective analysis basis, has been identified using linguistic rate with Eureka Engine intelligence system. The obtained results predominantly confirmed the hypothesis, that the mass media of different countries would represent the process of the UK withdrawal from the EU according to the country’s policy and interpret the facts in their favor. All the four mass media demonstrate the partiality when broadcasting the current situation in the matter of Brexit. The concepts being the semantic kernel elements of mass media publications have emotional coloring. The sentiment analysis of the publications resulted in the conclusion that only one of the four mass media gave a neutral assessment of the Brexit situatio

Development of Post-Stroke Cognitive and Depressive Disturbances: Associations with Neurohumoral Indices

Neuropsychiatric complications, in particular cognitive and depressive disorders, are common consequences of ischemic stroke (IS) and complicate the rehabilitation, quality of life, and social adaptation of patients. The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) system, sympathoadrenal medullary system (SAMS), and inflammatory processes are believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of these disorders. This study aimed to explore these systems in IS patients, including those with post-stroke cognitive and depressive disorders, within a year after IS. Indices of the HPA axis, inflammatory system, and SAMS were measured in blood serum (cortisol, interleukin-6 (IL-6)), plasma (adrenocorticotropic hormone), and saliva (cortisol, α-amylase). During one year after mild/moderate IS (NIHSS score 5.9 ± 4.3), serum cortisol and salivary α-amylase levels remained elevated in the total cohort. In the group with further cognitive decline, serum and salivary cortisol levels were elevated during the acute period of IS. In the group with poststroke depressive disorder, salivary α-amylase was constantly elevated, while serum IL-6 was minimal during the acute period. The results suggest prolonged hyperactivation of the HPA axis and SAMS after IS. Specifically, post-stroke cognitive impairment was associated with hyperactivation of the HPA axis during the acute IS period, while post-stroke depressive disorder was associated with the chronic inflammatory process and hyperactivation of SAMS during the follow-up period