Model of supply restoration of energy consumers by Markov state space models

Rad prikazuje utvrđivanje funkcije gustoće trajanja uspostave napajanja za primjenu Markovljevih modela prostora stanja. Istraživanje uspostave napajanja je provedeno u mreži pod nadležnošću hrvatskog Operatora prijenosnog sustava i Prijenosnog područja Osijek. Na temelju istraživanja procesa uspostave napajanja i utvrđenih parametara distribucije gustoće dan je prijedlog poboljšanog modela uspostave napajanja na sučelju između operatora prijenosa i distribucije. Primjenom ovog modela uspostave napajanja u analizi pouzdanosti značajno se doprinosi kvaliteti rezultata pokazatelja pouzdanosti napajanja korisnika električne energije.The paper presents the determination of a density function of supply restoration duration for the application of Markov state space models. The study of supply restoration was performed in Croatian transmission system operator and transmission area of Osijek. An improved model of the supply restoration at the interface between the transmission and distribution system operator networks is given, based on the research of the supply restoration process and the determined supply restoration distribution density parameters. The use of the proposed model in a reliability analysis significantly contributes to the quality of electricity supply reliability indicators results

PEAK PLANT MODELS IN THE ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM MODEL OF RELIABILITY AND AVAILABILITY

The work sets out the results of the theory/methodological refinement of models whereby peak generating plants are included in the reliability and availability patterns of electricity systems while operational planning operations are taking place. Account shall be taken of the technical and energy characteristics of such generating units, as well as of the specific conditions and requirements imposed on such generating units, resulting from their location and the role in covering peak loads and consumption of the electricity system

Influence of Renewable Energy Sources on Distribution Network Availability

This paper gives a brief overview of production facilities from renewable energy sources which especially influence the power system with variable production. The paper describes some basic ways of connection and technical data relevant for the design of production plants, as well as the most important influences on the power system, especially with respect to the following: voltage, short circuit current, operation of the system, losses and power quality. Basic concepts of reliability, mathematical models and indicators of reliability are also given

POWER PLANT MODEL WITH ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS INCLUDED IN THE ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM RELIABILITY AND AVAILABILITY MODEL

U radu se izlažu rezultati teorijsko-metodološke razrade modela kojim se proizvodne jedinice, na čiji rad, odnosno pogonske osobine, a time i raspoloživost i pouzdanost utječe stanje okoline, najčešće nepovoljne atmosferske prilike, uključuju u modele za izračun pouzdanosti i raspoloživosti elektroenergetskog sustava pri operativnim planiranjima njegova rada. Model proizvodne jedinice s uključenim uvjetima okoline pokraj ovisnosti o vremenu u izračun pokazatelja pouzdanosti i raspoloživosti elektroenergetskog sustava uvodi i ovisnost o uvjetima okoline u kojima se jedinica nalazi tijekom vremena izloženosti tim uvjetima.This work presents the results of the theoretical-methodological elaboration of the model by virtue of which the generating units are included in the models for calculation of reliability and availability of the electric power system in the operative plans of its operation. The operation, that is, the operative features of these generating units, and therewith also their reliability and availability, are influenced by the state of the environment, mostly by adverse weather conditions. The generating units model with environmental conditions included also introduces into the calculation of indicators of the electric power system reliability and availability, along with the time dependence, the dependence on the environmental conditions which the unit is exposed to during duration of the period of such conditions

POWER PLANT MODEL WITH ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS INCLUDED IN THE ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM RELIABILITY AND AVAILABILITY MODEL

U radu se izlažu rezultati teorijsko-metodološke razrade modela kojim se proizvodne jedinice, na čiji rad, odnosno pogonske osobine, a time i raspoloživost i pouzdanost utječe stanje okoline, najčešće nepovoljne atmosferske prilike, uključuju u modele za izračun pouzdanosti i raspoloživosti elektroenergetskog sustava pri operativnim planiranjima njegova rada. Model proizvodne jedinice s uključenim uvjetima okoline pokraj ovisnosti o vremenu u izračun pokazatelja pouzdanosti i raspoloživosti elektroenergetskog sustava uvodi i ovisnost o uvjetima okoline u kojima se jedinica nalazi tijekom vremena izloženosti tim uvjetima.This work presents the results of the theoretical-methodological elaboration of the model by virtue of which the generating units are included in the models for calculation of reliability and availability of the electric power system in the operative plans of its operation. The operation, that is, the operative features of these generating units, and therewith also their reliability and availability, are influenced by the state of the environment, mostly by adverse weather conditions. The generating units model with environmental conditions included also introduces into the calculation of indicators of the electric power system reliability and availability, along with the time dependence, the dependence on the environmental conditions which the unit is exposed to during duration of the period of such conditions

THE PUMPED-STORAGE HYDRO POWER PLANT MODEL WITHIN IN THE POWER SYSTEM RELIABILITY AND AVAILABILITY MODEL

U ovom radu izlaže se model kojim se u proračune pouzdanosti i raspoloživosti elektroenergetskog sustava uključuje crpno-akumulacijska hidroelektrana, a zatim i model utjecaja rizika nedostatka dotoka i zaliha vode na planiranje rada takvih postrojenja u okviru programskih sustava za operativna planiranja za vremenska razdoblja do razine godinu dana unaprijed. Utjecaj neizvjesnosti pojava dotoka veže se za karakteristike vodotoka na kojima su izgrađeni akumulacijski bazeni i hidroelektrana, ali i za radne cikluse i mogući način rada u sustavu.This paper deals with a model that comprises the pumped-storage hydro power plants in the power system reliability and availability calculations, as well as a model of the impact of inflow deficiency and water storage risks on the operational planning of such plants within the framework of operational planning systems for periods of up to one year. The impact of inflow uncertainties is related to the characteristics of watercourses where the water storage reservoirs and hydro power plants are built, but also to the operation cycles and possible operation modes in the system

THE PUMPED-STORAGE HYDRO POWER PLANT MODEL WITHIN IN THE POWER SYSTEM RELIABILITY AND AVAILABILITY MODEL

U ovom radu izlaže se model kojim se u proračune pouzdanosti i raspoloživosti elektroenergetskog sustava uključuje crpno-akumulacijska hidroelektrana, a zatim i model utjecaja rizika nedostatka dotoka i zaliha vode na planiranje rada takvih postrojenja u okviru programskih sustava za operativna planiranja za vremenska razdoblja do razine godinu dana unaprijed. Utjecaj neizvjesnosti pojava dotoka veže se za karakteristike vodotoka na kojima su izgrađeni akumulacijski bazeni i hidroelektrana, ali i za radne cikluse i mogući način rada u sustavu.This paper deals with a model that comprises the pumped-storage hydro power plants in the power system reliability and availability calculations, as well as a model of the impact of inflow deficiency and water storage risks on the operational planning of such plants within the framework of operational planning systems for periods of up to one year. The impact of inflow uncertainties is related to the characteristics of watercourses where the water storage reservoirs and hydro power plants are built, but also to the operation cycles and possible operation modes in the system

Risk from Nuclear Power Utilization after Fukushima Accident

The enormous discrepancy between risk perception and the risk associated with nuclear power utilization will further perpetuate after the recent accident in Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant (NPP) in Japan. Complete and transparent risk assessment is an assumption for an improvement in risk understanding. This paper contains an overview of approaches and the results of risk assessment of nuclear power in the context of energy utilization. It is possible to improve understanding of the risk based on numerous risk assessments carried out for NPPs worldwide, our own experience, and assessments based on cumulative operating experience. The paper presents an updated risk assessment from nuclear power in the light of a recent accident in Japan and it also implies possible causes that led to overlook a concrete hazard from tsunami in the original risk assessment. Assessment of relevance of the Fukushima event on reliability of risk assessment from nuclear power in the world is of huge importance for further deliberation on utilization of nuclear power. It is undisputable that these activities will demonstrate, and at some locations improve, NPP’s high safety level. Still, perception in general public remains one of the most relevant challenges for optimal planning of the future of the energy sector