Personal data exchange protocol: X

Personal data exchange and disclosure prevention are widespread problems in our digital world. There are a couple of information technologies embedded in the commercial and government processes. People need to exchange their personal information while using these technologies. And therefore, It is essential to make this exchange is secure. Despite many legal regulations, there are many cases of personal data breaches that lead to undesirable consequences. Reasons for personal data leakage may be adversary attack or data administration error. At the same time, creating complex service interaction and multilayer information security may lead to many inconveniences for the user. Personal data exchange protocol has the following tasks: participant’s data transfer, ensuring information security, providing participants with trust in each other and ensuring service availability. In this paper, we represent a personal data exchange protocol called X. The main idea is to provide personal data encryption on the user side and thus to prevent personal data disclosure and publication. This approach allows us to transfer personal data from user to service only in the form of an encrypted data packet - blob. Each blob can be validated and certified by a personal data inspector who had approved user’s information. It can be any government department or a commercial organization, for example, passport issuing authority, banks, etc. It implies that we can provide several key features for personal data exchange. A requesting service cannot publish the user personal data. It still can perform a validation protocol with an inspector to validate user data. We do not depend on service data administration infrastructure and do not complicate the inspector’s processes by adding additional information about the personal data request. The personal data package has a link between the personal data owner and a service request. Each blob is generated for a single request and has a time limit for a provided encrypted personal data. After this limit, the service can not use a received package. The user cannot provide invalid personal data or use the personal data of another person. We don’t restrict specified cryptographic algorithms usage The X protocol can be implemented with any encryption, digital signature, key generation algorithms which are secure in our adversary model. For protocol description, Russian standardized cryptographic protocols are used. The paper also contains several useful examples of how the X protocol can be implemented in real information systems

Intrinsic and impurity luminescence of rare earth ions doped KYF4F_4 nanophosphors

The KYF4 nanopowders, non-doped and doped with Ce3+ or Tb3+, having well-crystallized, unaggregated, monodisperse (±15%) nanoparticles with the cubic (the size in the range from ∼15 to ∼30 nm) or hexagonal (from ∼30 to ∼50 nm) crystal structure have been successfully synthesized by microwave-hydrothermal treatment of as-precipitated gels. In KYF4 hexagonal nanopowders an intense STE-type luminescence at ∼4.4 eV was observed which is not quenched at room temperature. In contrast to single crystals or cubic nanopowders, in KYF4 hexagonal nanopowders doped with Ce3+ or Tb3+, a rather efficient energy transfer is observed from the host to Ce3+ or Tb3+ ions, respectively, because of overlapping the emission spectrum of STE-type luminescence and the spectrum of efficient absorption on 4f-5d transitions in Ce3+ or Tb3+

Structure–Property Correlations in a Ce-Doped (Lu,Gd)2SiO5:Ce(Lu,Gd)_2SiO_5 :Ce Scintillator

A full concentration range of Lu2xGd2–2xSiO5 (LGSO:Ce) crystals was grown by the Czochralski method. Dependence of the scintillation properties on composition (x) in the range of solid solutions is established. It was determined that the LGSO:Ce scintillation yield increases in the range 0.3 < x < 0.8 and reaches 29000 phot/MeV at 60% of Lu in the host (x = 0.6), and energy resolution improves up to 6.7% at 662 KeV. The observed light yield increase, surprisingly high Ce3+ segregation coefficients, improvement of energy resolution, and suppression of afterglow can be attributed to modification of both hot and thermalized diffusion of secondary electrons and holes induced by short-range separation in solid solution. The proposed approach can be valid for a wide range of mixed scintillation crystals and provides room for further improvement of their characteristics by isovalent substitution of host atoms

Structure–Property Correlations in a Ce-Doped (Lu,Gd) 2

A full concentration range of Lu2xGd2–2xSiO5 (LGSO:Ce) crystals was grown by the Czochralski method. Dependence of the scintillation properties on composition (x) in the range of solid solutions is established. It was determined that the LGSO:Ce scintillation yield increases in the range 0.3 < x < 0.8 and reaches 29000 phot/MeV at 60% of Lu in the host (x = 0.6), and energy resolution improves up to 6.7% at 662 KeV. The observed light yield increase, surprisingly high Ce3+ segregation coefficients, improvement of energy resolution, and suppression of afterglow can be attributed to modification of both hot and thermalized diffusion of secondary electrons and holes induced by short-range separation in solid solution. The proposed approach can be valid for a wide range of mixed scintillation crystals and provides room for further improvement of their characteristics by isovalent substitution of host atoms

Efficacy and adverse events profile of videolaryngoscopy in critically ill patients: subanalysis of the INTUBE study

Background: Tracheal intubation is a high-risk procedure in the critically ill, with increased intubation failure rates and a high risk of other adverse events. Videolaryngoscopy might improve intubation outcomes in this population, but evidence remains conflicting, and its impact on adverse event rates is debated.Methods: This is a subanalysis of a large international prospective cohort of critically ill patients (INTUBE Study) performed from 1 October 2018 to 31 July 2019 and involving 197 sites from 29 countries across five continents. Our primary aim was to determine the first-pass intubation success rates of videolaryngoscopy. Secondary aims were characterising (a) videolaryngoscopy use in the critically ill patient population and (b) the incidence of severe adverse effects compared with direct laryngoscopy.Results: Of 2916 patients, videolaryngoscopy was used in 500 patients (17.2%) and direct laryngoscopy in 2416 (82.8%). First-pass intubation success was higher with videolaryngoscopy compared with direct laryngoscopy (84% vs 79%, P1/40.02). Patients undergoing videolaryngoscopy had a higher frequency of difficult airway predictors (60% vs 40%, P&lt;0.001). In adjusted analyses, videolaryngoscopy increased the probability of first-pass intubation success, with an OR of 1.40 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05-1.87). Videolaryngoscopy was not significantly associated with risk of major adverse events (odds ratio 1.24, 95% CI 0.95-1.62) or cardiovascular events (odds ratio 0.78, 95% CI 0.60-1.02).Conclusions: In critically ill patients, videolaryngoscopy was associated with higher first-pass intubation success rates, despite being used in a population at higher risk of difficult airway management. Videolaryngoscopy was not associated with overall risk of major adverse events

Intubation Practices and Adverse Peri-intubation Events in Critically Ill Patients from 29 Countries

Importance: Tracheal intubation is one of the most commonly performed and high-risk interventions in critically ill patients. Limited information is available on adverse peri-intubation events. Objective: To evaluate the incidence and nature of adverse peri-intubation events and to assess current practice of intubation in critically ill patients. Design, Setting, and Participants: The International Observational Study to Understand the Impact and Best Practices of Airway Management in Critically Ill Patients (INTUBE) study was an international, multicenter, prospective cohort study involving consecutive critically ill patients undergoing tracheal intubation in the intensive care units (ICUs), emergency departments, and wards, from October 1, 2018, to July 31, 2019 (August 28, 2019, was the final follow-up) in a convenience sample of 197 sites from 29 countries across 5 continents. Exposures: Tracheal intubation. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was the incidence of major adverse peri-intubation events defined as at least 1 of the following events occurring within 30 minutes from the start of the intubation procedure: cardiovascular instability (either: systolic pressure &lt;65 mm Hg at least once, &lt;90 mm Hg for &gt;30 minutes, new or increase need of vasopressors or fluid bolus &gt;15 mL/kg), severe hypoxemia (peripheral oxygen saturation &lt;80%) or cardiac arrest. The secondary outcomes included intensive care unit mortality. Results: Of 3659 patients screened, 2964 (median age, 63 years; interquartile range [IQR], 49-74 years; 62.6% men) from 197 sites across 5 continents were included. The main reason for intubation was respiratory failure in 52.3% of patients, followed by neurological impairment in 30.5%, and cardiovascular instability in 9.4%. Primary outcome data were available for all patients. Among the study patients, 45.2% experienced at least 1 major adverse peri-intubation event. The predominant event was cardiovascular instability, observed in 42.6% of all patients undergoing emergency intubation, followed by severe hypoxemia (9.3%) and cardiac arrest (3.1%). Overall ICU mortality was 32.8%. Conclusions and Relevance: In this observational study of intubation practices in critically ill patients from a convenience sample of 197 sites across 29 countries, major adverse peri-intubation events - in particular cardiovascular instability - were observed frequently