THE ACCESSION OF THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA TO THE EU THE PAST, THE PRESENT, THE FUTURE

The contemporary European integration processes are accompanied by numerous theories and activities, confrontations or approvals that can conditionally be divided into two groups, depending on the starting point of examination of each aspect of integration. The principal differences are reflected in the approach to examination of the very phenomenon, regardless of whether it is analysed from an economic or political viewpoint and the extent of the obligatorily transferred part of national sovereignty to EU authorities. In the latest development of integration processes in the European Union and other European integrations, political, economic, social and cultural significance of the particularities of individual European countries has largely been taken into account; however, the activities were directed to transferring a part of economic and political sovereignty to joint EU bodies in order to function more effectively. It is important for future economic and social development of the Republic of Croatia to form economic and political connections with European and other world integrations, especially economic ones. Until the democratically oriented government of the Republic of Croatia came into power, many mistakes had been made by the earlier political system, which had been fully insulated from the European integration processes. On its way to Europe, Croatia did not receive adequate assistance and support of more developed Western countries until January 3rd, 2000, and this especially relates to the EU integrations that had jointly defined the guidelines Croatia needed to follow in order to access the social and economic system of the Western world and accept its values. The subject of this paper are the effects of EU accession and the consequences reflected on the economic situation in the country, as well as the good and bad sides of integration processes

THE ACCESSION OF THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA TO THE EU THE PAST, THE PRESENT, THE FUTURE

The contemporary European integration processes are accompanied by numerous theories and activities, confrontations or approvals that can conditionally be divided into two groups, depending on the starting point of examination of each aspect of integration. The principal differences are reflected in the approach to examination of the very phenomenon, regardless of whether it is analysed from an economic or political viewpoint and the extent of the obligatorily transferred part of national sovereignty to EU authorities. In the latest development of integration processes in the European Union and other European integrations, political, economic, social and cultural significance of the particularities of individual European countries has largely been taken into account; however, the activities were directed to transferring a part of economic and political sovereignty to joint EU bodies in order to function more effectively. It is important for future economic and social development of the Republic of Croatia to form economic and political connections with European and other world integrations, especially economic ones. Until the democratically oriented government of the Republic of Croatia came into power, many mistakes had been made by the earlier political system, which had been fully insulated from the European integration processes. On its way to Europe, Croatia did not receive adequate assistance and support of more developed Western countries until January 3rd, 2000, and this especially relates to the EU integrations that had jointly defined the guidelines Croatia needed to follow in order to access the social and economic system of the Western world and accept its values. The subject of this paper are the effects of EU accession and the consequences reflected on the economic situation in the country, as well as the good and bad sides of integration processes

THE EFFECTS OF THE WTO AND THE TTIP AGREEMENT ON THE CROATIAN ECONOMY

Immediately after becoming independent on 15 January 1991, the Republic of Croatia became a member of the IMF. Although, as a successor of the former Yugoslavia, it had full GATT membership, and thus membership in the WTO, the Croatian government did not know how to exercise its rights and therefore had to go through the entire procedure in order to access the organisation in 2000. Presently, Croatia is the 28th Member State of the EU and has scarce information about the TTIP, the effects of which will directly affect Croatia as well as all Member States. The purpose of this paper is to realistically analyse the possible effects on our economy in relation to this globally important agreement. The TTIP is a trade agreement between the EU and the USA which has an important economic and geo-strategic interest, since its role is connecting two powerful economies and their common position on the global market as well as long-term pacesetting in relation to other regions in the world, which refers to the standard and the way of doing business. Therefore, we can conclude that the long-term strategic goal is market integration and establishment of grid plans which, once established, will not be able to undergo significant changes. The aim of this paper is to examine the default hypothesis and thus establish facts in relation to trends in international trade and its adaptation to globalization and economic changes in the world as well as its impact on Croatia. The scientific methods used in this paper are methods of systematic analysis, the dialectical and logical method, mostly in the inductive-deductive combination, and vice versa. The scientific contribution is reflected in the development of scientific thought about the importance of the effects of globalization on trade and the economy in general in the world and in Croatia

Migrations Analysis of quantitative features

The subject of migration is an important issue of contemporary social trends and is at the center of global attention. The issue of migration reaches into all segments of social development, from economic, cultural, healthy, educated to issues of security and maintenance of world peace, and thus requires an interdepartmental approach, therefore this topic is taught from different scientific fields. Migrations are a constant phenomenon in the history of mankind with strong effects, and with the help of a good management system, migrations can contribute to growth, innovation and social dynamism, therefore migrations are an increasingly developed phenomenon, and this is evidenced by the number of researches and publications that are constantly growing from year to year. The aim of this work is the analysis of scientific material according to the relevant world bibliographic and citation databases with an emphasis on the Scopus database as the most prestigious. The scientific contribution of this work is the aspect of analyzing the quantitative features of migration through scientific literature

Migrations Analysis of quantitative features

The subject of migration is an important issue of contemporary social trends and is at the center of global attention. The issue of migration reaches into all segments of social development, from economic, cultural, healthy, educated to issues of security and maintenance of world peace, and thus requires an interdepartmental approach, therefore this topic is taught from different scientific fields. Migrations are a constant phenomenon in the history of mankind with strong effects, and with the help of a good management system, migrations can contribute to growth, innovation and social dynamism, therefore migrations are an increasingly developed phenomenon, and this is evidenced by the number of researches and publications that are constantly growing from year to year. The aim of this work is the analysis of scientific material according to the relevant world bibliographic and citation databases with an emphasis on the Scopus database as the most prestigious. The scientific contribution of this work is the aspect of analyzing the quantitative features of migration through scientific literature

EFFECTS OF CROATIAN TOURISM DURING THE YEAR 2012

While the world still operates in a large-scale economic crisis, people on the other hand operate in a somehow stable yet small economic rise. The main hypothesis: Economic rise is not only based on tourism achievements, but rather on dynamic production activity by application of new technologies and diligence. All of this is strongly reflected on tourism development and travel trends in the world. PH1: A simple economic analysis can prove that tourism in Croatia should be closely linked to other economic sectors. One must sadly admit the bitter truth as most tourist facilities in Croatia are owned by foreign capital, as well as all other activities related to tourism. Supply of tourist facilities and other activities is also owned and under the supervision of foreign capital. PH2: Tourism in Croatia, especially along the Adriatic coastline, should last at least for seven months a year. At the same time, tourism revenues for 2012 would be at least EUR fifteen billion. The current economic crisis severely struck Europe, and by this also European as well as tourist development trends in general. PH3: The fact that a great number of potential tourists chose staying in their own country during their vacation is hard to cope with for renowned tourism destinations, especially in the Mediterranean

EFFECTS OF CROATIAN TOURISM DURING THE YEAR 2012

While the world still operates in a large-scale economic crisis, people on the other hand operate in a somehow stable yet small economic rise. The main hypothesis: Economic rise is not only based on tourism achievements, but rather on dynamic production activity by application of new technologies and diligence. All of this is strongly reflected on tourism development and travel trends in the world. PH1: A simple economic analysis can prove that tourism in Croatia should be closely linked to other economic sectors. One must sadly admit the bitter truth as most tourist facilities in Croatia are owned by foreign capital, as well as all other activities related to tourism. Supply of tourist facilities and other activities is also owned and under the supervision of foreign capital. PH2: Tourism in Croatia, especially along the Adriatic coastline, should last at least for seven months a year. At the same time, tourism revenues for 2012 would be at least EUR fifteen billion. The current economic crisis severely struck Europe, and by this also European as well as tourist development trends in general. PH3: The fact that a great number of potential tourists chose staying in their own country during their vacation is hard to cope with for renowned tourism destinations, especially in the Mediterranean

PREGOVORI O TRANSATLANTSKOJ TRGOVINI I ULAGANJU (TTIP) I REGULACIJA FINANCIJSKOG TRŽIŠTA

Trgovina financijskim uslugama važno je poglavlje u pregovorima o Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership – TTIP, tj. Transatlantskoj trgovini i ulaganju između Europske unije i Sjedinjenih Američkih Država. U 2013. godini EU je predstavljala 38 posto izvoza financijskih usluga za SAD (bez osiguranja) i 48 posto američkog uvoza financijskih usluga (bez osiguranja). Trgovina transatlanskim financijskim uslugama zasigurno predstavlja priliku, ali i neke izazove. Još od krize iz 2007. godine poduzete su razne reforme bonitetne regulative na obje strane Atlantika kako bi se obnovilo povjerenje u financijsko tržište. U kontekstu značajnih domaćih reformi, NGO - Non-governmental, nevladine organizacije zabrinute su za potencijalni utjecaj trgovinskih sporazuma (uključujući i budući TTIP) na izmijenjene regulatorne mjere. Međutim, rasprave o TTIP-u nadilaze očuvanje regulatorne autonomije. Snažna regulatorna autonomija te mali poticaji za usklađivanje, rezultirali su značajnom regulatornom divergencijom s obje strane Atlantika. Sugerirano je da bi jača suradnja dovela k izbjegavanju transakcijskih troškova koju stvara regulatorna fragmentacija. Pravila u trgovinskim ugovorima o financijskim uslugama tradicionalno su iznimno fleksibilna te ostavljaju dostatno prostora za reguliranje. Obveze koje proizlaze na oba pristupa tržištu i nediskriminacija postavljene su od strane stranaka i to namjenski. Trgovinski sporazumi tako predstavljaju iznimku te osiguravaju pravo države da poduzme bonitetnu regulativu poznatu kao „bonitetno izdvajanje i prodaja dijela poslovanja (carve-out)“. Znanstvene metode korištene u ovome radu su metode sustavne analize, dijalektičke i logičke metode, i to ponajviše u kombinaciji induktivna-deduktivna te obrnuto deduktivna-induktivna

EDUCATION AS A PRECONDITION OF FURTHER SUCCESSFUL TOURISM DEVELOPMENT

Obrazovanje svih razina zaposlenika postaje sve više resurs o kojemu ovisi uspješnost poslovanja, a nastavno na to i daljnjeg razvoja svih dijelova gospodarskog sustava svake zemlje. Posebice je to važno u turizmu jer turizam je "ljudska industrija" koja djeluje isključivo na zadovoljavanju ljudskih potreba iz sfere duševnog zadovoljstva ljudske jedinke. Turizam je dio svjetskog ekonomskog sustava ali ostvaruje veliki utjecaj na nacionalne gospodarske sustave koji se od svojih početaka najbrže i najstabilnije razvijao, a uz to je poticao i razvoj novih poslova i zanimanja vezanih uz njega, a koja ranije nisu postojala. U svome razvoju stvarao je i uz sebe vezivao mnogobrojne i raznovrsne profile djelatnike, raznih vrsta obrazovanja, znanja i sposobnosti koje je opet trebalo adekvatno obrazovati u za to primjerenom obrazovnom sustavu. Sustavi kao i metode suvremenog obrazovanja koji se koriste u obrazovanju turističkog kadra, izraz su pretežito potreba sadašnjosti, a premalo su okrenuti budućnosti. Takvo djelovanje obrazovnih institucija, nije uvjetovano samo inertnošću suvremenih nastavnih planova, birokratiziranog nastavnog i vodećeg upravnog kadra u obrazovnim institucijama već i neprepoznavanjem budućih potreba struke. Obrazovani djelatnici izlaze iz školskog sustava opterećeni velikom količinom zastarjelih informacija i znanja koja im ne koriste mnogo na budućim radnim mjestima. Hrvatska ima svega 16 posto visokoobrazovanih, a ustvari ih dobrim dijelom školuje za burzu, jasno je da je obrazovni sustav već sada potpuno nepripremljen za tržište rada, a kamoli za promjene koje dolaze. Riječ je o kompleksnoj i raznovrsnoj djelatnosti ovisnoj o mnoštvu unutrašnjih i vanjskih čimbenika.Education of employees at all levels has become a resource on which business performance and development of all parts of economic system of every country depend. This is especially important in tourism, because tourism is a “human industry” that functions exclusively on meeting human needs in the sphere of mental satisfaction of human beings. Tourism is a part of the global economic system, but it has a major impact on national economic systems and its development has been the fastest and most stable from its beginnings. It also encourages the development of new tourism-related jobs and occupations that did not exist before. In its development, it created and connected various profiles of employees of various types of education, knowledge and skills who in turn needed additional adequate education in an appropriate educational system. Systems and methods of modern education used in the education of employees in tourism are an expression of present needs and too few are oriented to the future. This kind of activity of educational institutions is not only conditioned by inertia of modern curricula, bureaucratised teaching staff and management, but also by inability to recognise future needs of the profession in the educational institutions. Educated employees come out of the educational systems burdened with a large quantity of outdated information and knowledge that are not very useful in their future workplaces. Croatia had only 16% of university graduates who are, in fact, predominantly educated for the labour exchange; it is clear that the educational system is completely unprepared for the labour market, let alone for the changes to come. This is a complex and diverse industry, dependent on a variety of internal and external factors