Weak localization of light in superdiffusive random systems

L\'evy flights constitute a broad class of random walks that occur in many fields of research, from animal foraging in biology, to economy to geophysics. The recent advent of L\'evy glasses allows to study L\'evy flights in controlled way using light waves. This raises several questions about the influence of superdiffusion on optical interference effects like weak and strong localization. Super diffusive structures have the extraordinary property that all points are connected via direct jumps, meaning that finite-size effects become an essential part of the physical problem. Here we report on the experimental observation of weak localization in L\'evy glasses and compare results with recently developed optical transport theory in the superdiffusive regime. Experimental results are in good agreement with theory and allow to unveil how light propagates inside a finite-size superdiffusive system

Demand Response for Residential Appliances in a Smart Electricity Distribution Network: Utility and Customer Perspectives

This thesis introduces advanced Demand Response algorithms for residential appliances to provide benefits for both utility and customers. The algorithms are engaged in scheduling appliances appropriately in a critical peak day to alleviate network peak, adverse voltage conditions and wholesale price spikes also reducing the cost of residential energy consumption. Initially, a demand response technique via customer reward is proposed, where the utility controls appliances to achieve network improvement. Then, an improved real-time pricing scheme is introduced and customers are supported by energy management schedulers to actively participate in it. Finally, the demand response algorithm is improved to provide frequency regulation services

DESIGN OF THREE FINGER GRIPPER WITH FSR

Technological advancement is widening up by the advent of new inventions. Robots are going to be an integral part of the completely automated industries. There are many instances where profile detection. In this paper, discussed about the three finger gripper has the abilities with this dexterous electric gripper. Three fingers gripper is extreme changeability and fixable gripping control. Its finger has several positions of geometrics and dimensions. Its specific control of crossing point allows orthodox forward motion on the finger location, rapidity and force. These fingers design in CREO 3.0 software and produced by RPT. Fingers are evaluated to check if the finger is flexible motion. The force is measured by a force sensitive resister (FSR). A force sensor is measure a grasping object whose confrontation difference between before and after force is applied. The Arduino mega controller is used for controlling the servo motor and FSR in gripping motion. This servo motor is 180Ëšrotation angle, Control loop response mechanism is extensively used for accurate control. The Controlled gripper finger is sensed and gripped with force which is being analyzed in the data

H-NS mediated repression of the Escherichia coli bgl and proU operons

The histone-like nucleoid structuring protein H-NS is important in the organization of the bacterial chromosome and in global gene regulation in response to environmental stimuli and stress conditions. In Enterobacteriaceae such as Escherichia coli H-NS represses ~5 percent of all genes. Repression by H-NS is presumably mediated by binding of H-NS next to a promoter, and the formation of extended nucleoprotein complex, which inhibits transcription initiation. Although the specificity of binding of H-NS to DNA is low (it binds weakly specific to AT-rich curved DNA), some loci are very specifically repressed by H-NS including the E. coli bgl and proU operons. In both of these systems, upstream and downstream regulatory elements are required for efficient repression. In bgl H-NS binds 600 to 700 bp downstream to the promoter and in proU it binds 150 to 300 bp downstream. The analysis done here suggests that repression of proU and bgl by binding of H-NS to upstream and downstream regulatory elements is cooperative. Furthermore, it was shown that in the absence of the upstream regulatory element (URE), repression by H-NS binding to the downstream regulatory element (DRE) depends on the transcription rate. Termination factor Rho and co-transcriptional translation, which both modulate the transcription rate, were shown to also affect repression by H-NS via the DRE. Further experiments excluded, that H-NS acts as a roadblock to the transcribing RNA polymerase. In the bgl operon H-NS represses transcription elongation merely 2-fold and in proU it has no effect on elongation. These experiments include CAA-footprinting of stalled RNA polymerase transcription elongation complexes, Northern analysis, and a dual reporter gene system with the bgl and proU DRE, respectively, inserted in between uidA (?-glucuronidase) and lacZ (?galactosidase). In addition, the analysis of structural components in bgl revealed an intrinsic transcription pause site located in between the promoter and the bgl-DRE. However, the deletion of the pause did not affect repression. Additional deletion analyses suggest that the DNA segment upstream of the bgl-DRE is important for repression. The data shown here and ongoing experiments suggest that binding of H-NS to the DRE inhibits transcription initiation at the bgl and proU promoter, respectively. Possibly, H-NS bound to the DRE traps a DNA segment located upstream of the promoter resulting in DNA looping and repression of transcription initiation. Furthermore, the present work highlights the significance of the transcription rate and the process of transcription elongation in the modulation of H-NS mediated repression. Presumably, an increase in the transcription rate de-stabilizes the repressing complex formed by H-NS and thus causes full expression

Runoff Response and Nutrient Loading in Vertisolic Clay Soils of Near-Level Artificially Drained Southern Manitoban Landscapes

The installation of tile drainage systems in Southern Manitoba has been accelerating over the past two decades to improve crop production. Given current environmental and political concerns related to agricultural pollution and the eutrophication of Lake Winnipeg, the role that tiles may play in both runoff and nutrient loading from agricultural fields must be evaluated because tiles can also have environmental consequences due to their capacity to export significant quantities of pollutants such as phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) from croplands by acting as subsurface lateral conduit pathways. This study examined surface and subsurface runoff from tiled and non-tiled fields on a farm in Elm Creek, Manitoba from 2015 to 2017 to quantify edge of field runoff and nutrient losses, to characterize surface-tile connectivity through the vadose zone, and to characterize ditch-overland flow dynamics at the edge-of-field. Water samples were collected from field surfaces, tile drainage, groundwater and roadside ditches during runoff events that occurred throughout the open water season. In addition, soil samples were collected in 2017 and analyzed for inorganic P fractions and P availability. This thesis has shown that overland flow was the major pathway for runoff and nutrient (P and N) edge of field losses, and the presence of the tile drainage did not decrease the frequent occurrence of the overland flow due to the prevailing climate conditions and vertisolic clays in the Red River Valley. Tile drains were responsible for 11-28% annual runoff losses, < 5% annual P losses and 40-50% annual nitrate N losses. Thus, although tile drainage did not exacerbate the edge of field P losses, it has the potential elevate N losses. Tile drainage was often activated from top-down water front movement and tile flow activation was hastened by higher rainfall intensities and wetter antecedent moisture conditions. Significant tile drainage predominantly occurred in late spring under wet antecedent conditions when the water table was elevated. During such periods, the chemistry of tile drain effluent was similar to that of groundwater, which was low in P and high in N. In contrast, tile drainage in both early spring (snowmelt) and summer was small, although for different reasons. During snowmelt, when most runoff occurs in the Prairies, tile drainage was impeded by the presence of frozen ground and most runoff left fields as overland flow. Tile chemistry during this period reflected surface runoff, which was rich in P, indicating the presence of preferential flow through frozen ground. The chemistry of tile drainage was also rich in P and reflected surface runoff in summer, when rain fell on dry soils, also indicating preferential flow. Thus, although preferential flow between the surface and tile drains appears to have occurred in the vertisolic clays of the Red River Valley, it was associated with very small flow volumes and therefore small loads, whereas tile drain chemistry during periods when the majority of tile flow occurred resembled that of groundwater. This thesis has shown that tile drains will do little to modify water volume or chemistry during the snowmelt period, which dominates annual water cycles, due to the presence of frozen ground, and surface runoff will remain the greatest source of P loss from agricultural fields. This thesis has shown that some of the P loss from fields is due to direct losses from fields, but some may be mobilized during flooding due to water backing up in roadside ditches during snowmelt runoff, spring storms and massive thunderstorms. This suggests that an improved understanding of the role of ditch management on agricultural P loss is needed. This thesis has produced a comprehensive view of edge-of-field and in-field hydrochemical losses in tile drained fields in the Red River Valley. The outcomes of this thesis have implications for both water and nutrient management perspectives for farmers and policymakers

A study on serum lipid and malondialdehyde levels among diabetic patients

Background: Elevated levels of lipid peroxide in diabetes mellitus may be due to the alteration of function of erythrocytes membrane. This inhibits the activity of superoxide dismutase enzyme leading to accumulation of superoxide radicals which cause the maximum lipid peroxidation and tissue damage in diabetes. The objectives was to study was done with the objectives of assessing the serum lipid and malondialdehyde levels among diabetic population and matched control group.Methods: This study was done among 50 NIDDM, 50 IDDM and 50 controls at Thanjavur Medical College, Tamil Nadu, India for a period of one year at the Department of Diabetology after getting the informed consent and IEC clearance. This study included all ambulatory NIDDM and IDDM patients without any complications. The following investigations like serum malondialdehyde, blood sugar, HBA1C, serum lipid profile, blood urea, serum creatinine, urine albumin and sugar were done by standardized procedures and reagents after getting the detailed history and examination.Results: Among NIDDM group 78% were between 6.4 to 8 categories whereas in IDDM group only 28% were in this 6.4 to 8 category (HBA1C). Comparison of serum MDA values among three groups were done by ANOVA with two groups separately and it was highly significant. Multiple comparison of mean difference of MDA and lipid values among all the three groups showed statistically significant results with p value at 0.05.Conclusions: Lipid profile is increased in poor glycemic controlled patients (both IDDM and NIDDM patients) and it is reflected in high serum malondialdehyde levels

Semi-Distributed Demand Response Solutions for Smart Homes

The Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm brings an opportunity for advanced Demand Response (DR) solutions. It enables visibility and control on the various appliances that may consume, store or generate energy within a home. It has been shown that a centralized control on the appliances of a set of households leads to efficient DR mechanisms; unfortunately, such solutions raise privacy and scalability issues. In this chapter we propose an approach that deals with these issues. Specifically, we introduce a scalable two-levels control system where a centralized controller allocates power to each house on one side and, each household implements a DR local solution on the other side. A limited feedback to the centralized controller allows to enhance the performance with little impact on privacy. The solution is proposed for the general framework of capacity markets