Shared-type and lineage/sub-lineage distribution of 65 <i>M. tuberculosis</i> isolates from New Delhi, India.

<p>Shared-type and lineage/sub-lineage distribution of 65 <i>M. tuberculosis</i> isolates from New Delhi, India.</p

Primers used for the analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms in 65 <i>M. tuberculosis</i> isolates from New Delhi, India.

<p>Primers used for the analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms in 65 <i>M. tuberculosis</i> isolates from New Delhi, India.</p

Diversity of 65 <i>M. tuberculosis</i> isolates from New Delhi, India deduced from MIRU-VNTR, spoligotyping and single nucleotide polymorphism analyses.

<p>MIRU-VNTR clusters that could be discriminated by spoligotyping are highlighted in blue and clusters that could be discriminated based on mutations in the <i>katG</i>, <i>rpoB</i> and/or <i>embB</i> genes are highlighted in yellow. Clusters that could not be discriminated using a combination of all markers are highlighted in green. The dendrogram was produced following Pearson correlation and unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average analysis.</p

Number of single nucleotide polymorphisms observed for the 6 regions of interest in 65 <i>M. tuberculosis</i> isolates from New Delhi, India.

<p>Number of single nucleotide polymorphisms observed for the 6 regions of interest in 65 <i>M. tuberculosis</i> isolates from New Delhi, India.</p

ROC curves representing the performance of P1, P6 and P7 BSA-peptide conjugates on lateral flow format.

<p>(A) ROC curves for reactivity of individual BSA-peptide conjugates with sera from healthy subjects and all smear-positive TB patients. (B) ROC curves for reactivity of individual BSA-peptide conjugates with sera from close/household contacts/NTBLD patients/HIV+TB- patients as reference standard, and all smear-positive TB patients. (C) ROC curves representing the additive performance of P1+P6, P1+P7 and P6+P7 conjugates for reactivity with sera from all smear-positive TB patients and healthy PPD-/PPD+/PPD-unknown subjects as reference standard. (D) ROC curves representing the additive performance of P1+P6, P1+P7 and P6+P7 conjugates for reactivity with sera from all smear-positive TB patients and from close/household contacts/NTBLD patients/HIV+TB- patients as reference standard.</p

Performance characteristics of peptides and peptide combinations for TB diagnosis.

<p>Performance characteristics of peptides and peptide combinations for TB diagnosis.</p

Clinical characteristics of study subjects.

†<p> Treatment status at the time of serum collection; ND: Not done; ART: Anti-retroviral therapy; NA: Not applicable.</p><p>Clinical characteristics of study subjects.</p

Visual example of reactivity of BSA-peptide P6 with sera on lateral flow.

<p>Reactivity with one serum specimen from each of the groups of non-TB controls and TB patients included in the study with BSA-peptide conjugate P6 is shown. In general the serum specimens from non-TB subjects exhibited no detectable reactivity with the striped BSA-peptide conjugate while sera from smear positive TB patients produced test lines easily distinguished by the eye.</p

Reactivity of sera from an expanded cohort of subjects (n = 400) with selected BSA-peptide conjugates.

<p>Reflectance values obtained with sera from healthy subjects [PPD- (blue), PPD+ (light green), PPD unknown (red); n = 98], close and household contacts of infectious TB patients (pink; n = 80); non-TB lung disease patients [NTBLD (light blue); n = 26], HIV-positive, TB negative patients (green; n =  72); HIV-positive, smear positive TB patients (orange; n = 14) and non-HIV sputum smear-positive TB patients [SPTB (purple); n = 110] tested for reactivity to BSA-peptide conjugates (A) P1, (B) P6 and (C) P7 on lateral flow are plotted. Dashed lines indicate mean reflectance of the 98 healthy subjects plus 2.5 times the standard deviation which was used as cut-off to determine specificity in non-TB subjects and sensitivity in TB patients. Reflectance values exceeding 10.0 were plotted at 10.0.</p

Risk factors for unfavourable response at the end of treatment in new smear positive pulmonary TB patients [N = 1543].

<p>Risk factors for unfavourable response at the end of treatment in new smear positive pulmonary TB patients [N = 1543].</p