Phylogenetic analysis of the nucITS-nuc28S-β-tubulin sequences of the Chaetothyriales.

<p>Branch support in nodes ≥ 70% maximum likelihood bootstrap support (ML BS) and ≥ 0.90 Bayesian posterior probability (PP) are indicated above or below branches. The asterisk (*) indicates nodes with 100% ML BS/1.0 PP. Taxa written in bold represent taxonomic novelties. ^T = ex-type.</p

Colony diameters of <i>Bradymyces</i> spp. and <i>Bacillicladium lobatum</i> after 6 wks of cultivation on different media and temperatures.

<p>Isolates included: <i>B</i>. <i>graniticola</i> (CCF 5193−5197, CCF 5227); <i>B</i>. <i>oncorhynchi</i> (CCF 4369), <i>B</i>. <i>alpinus</i> (CCFEE 5493), <i>Ba</i>. <i>lobatum</i> (CCF 5199, CCF 5200). Each point represent mean of at least nine values per isolate; error bars represent standard deviations.</p

Macromorphology and micromorphology of <i>Bacillicladium lobatum</i>.

<p>(A) Morphogenesis of colony growing on MEA at 25°C in 9 d, 2, 4 and 6 wks (left to right). (B, C) Phenotypic variability of 6-week-old colonies at 25°C on PDA (B) and PCA (C). (D‒I) Yeast-like state, budding (D, I), germinating by hyphae (E, G) or forming short chains (F‒I). (J‒L) Fungal elements from the inner parts of the colony with incrustations on their surface, occasionally proliferating. (M, N) Uni- or multicellular bodies, single or in chains. (O) Meristematic parenchyma-like structures formed in the inner parts of the colony (MEA). (P) Multicellular element released from the parenchymatous structure with roughened wall. Bar = 5 mm (A‒C), 5 μm (D‒P).</p

Biofilm containing fungal hyphae.

<p>(A) Removed biofilm containing fungal hyphae; note the tissue-like texture with protruding hyphae and white mineral precipitates. (B) Biofilm showing the fashion of fungal hyphae producing the tissue-like texture of the mat. (C) Fragment of meristematic tissue composed of isodiametric and angular cells. (D, E, H) Fragments of melanised monilioid hyphae. (F, G) Hyphae with endoconidia. Bar = 100 μm (A), 200 μm (B), 10 μm (C), 5 μm (D−H).</p

An overview map of the Kungsträdgården metro station in Stockholm.

<p>X marks the sample location.</p

Hyphal state of <i>Bacillicladium lobatum</i>.

<p>(A–M) Unbranched hyphae growing through blastic proliferation and covering surface of colonies on MEA and PDA: (A–F) hyphae of the first type, aseptate or ostensibly uniseptate, commonly constricted in the middle part; (G–M) hyphae of the second type with numerous cell wall reinforcements and multiseptate appearance. (N–W) Unbranched or sparsely branched vegetative hyphae from the deeper parts of the colonies, occasionally terminated by a swollen globose to ellipsoidal cell (N, O, R–T), sometimes with signs of budding (O, S, T), occasionally with uni- or bicellular chlamydospore-like hyphal swellings intercalary in position (U, V). Bar = 5 μm.</p

Macromorphology and micromorphology of <i>Bradymyces graniticola</i>.

<p>(A) A 16-week-old colony on MEA at 17°C. (B) Phenotypic variability of 6-week-old colonies on PDA at 25°C. (C) Phenotypic variability of 6-week-old colonies on PCA at 25°C. (D–H) Endoconidia. (I–N) Moniliform hyphae proliferating at the apex. (O) Chlamydospore-like hyphal swellings intercalary in position. (P–S) Multicellular bodies released from meristematic part of colony. Bar = 5 mm (A‒C), 5 μm (D‒S).</p

Phylogenetic analysis of the ITS rDNA sequences of <i>Bradymyces</i> spp.

<p>Groups of taxa with no CBC among them are labelled as CBC clades indicated by colour blocks. The non-CBCs and hCBCs substitutions identified in ITS1 and ITS2 2D structure are colour-coded as shown in the legend in the frame; respective internodes are labelled with them. The first base pair in the legend always refers to <i>B</i>. <i>oncorhynchi</i>. Details as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0163396#pone.0163396.g003" target="_blank">Fig 3</a>.</p

Morphology and variability of colonies and growth parameters of <i>Bradymyces</i> spp. and <i>Bacillicladium lobatum</i> after 6 wks of cultivation on MEA at three different temperatures.

<p>(A) <i>B</i>. <i>graniticola</i>. (B) <i>B</i>. <i>oncorhynchi</i>. (C) <i>B</i>. <i>alpinus</i>. (D) <i>Ba</i>. <i>lobatum</i>. One ‘tick’ on the ruler in the upper part of the figure corresponds to 1 mm.</p

Biofilm on a granite wall.

<p>Part of the wall with both dry and wet areas covered by biofilm; DB = dry biofilm, WB = wet biofilm. Bar = 5 cm.</p