Metoder til detektering og vurdering af trafiksikkerhedsproblemer i vejnettet

Selvom der årligt anvendes mange millioner på at gøre det danske vejnet mere sikkert at færdes i, er ressourcerne til trafiksikkerhed i danske vejforvaltninger begrænsede. Det er derfor vigtigt, at de ressourcer, som benyttes på trafiksikkerhed, anvendes så effektivt som overhovedet muligt.I juni 1999 startede Carl Bro as et ehvervsforskerprojekt med det formål at vurdere og eventuelt forbedre de eksisterende modeller og metoder benyttet i sortpletarbejdet i Danmark. Projektet har følgende hovedformål udvikle en model der giver en bedre beskrivelse af variation i uheld. udvikle en metode til udpegning af sorte pletter, der tager højde for variationen i uheld. udvikle en metode til før-/efteranalyse af trafiksikkerhedstiltag, der tager højde for regressionseffekten og eksogene faktorer. I dette paper præsenteres forslag til nye modeller og metoder

Instrumental variable analysis using offspring BMI in childhood as an indicator of parental BMI in relation to mortality

Abstract Childhood BMI shows associations with adult mortality, but these may be influenced by effects of ill health in childhood on BMI and later mortality. To avoid this, we used offspring childhood BMI as an instrumental variable (IV) for own BMI in relation to mortality and compared it with conventional associations of own childhood BMI and own mortality. We included 36,097 parent–offspring pairs with measured heights and weights from the Copenhagen School Health Records Register and register-based information on death. Hazard ratios (HR) were estimated using adjusted Cox regression models. For all-cause mortality, per zBMI at age 7 the conventional HR = 1.07 (95%CI: 1.04–1.09) in women and 1.02 (95%CI: 0.92–1.14) in men, whereas the IV HR = 1.23 (95%CI: 1.15–1.32) in women and 1.05 (95%CI: 0.94–1.17) in men. Per zBMI at age 13, the conventional HR = 1.11 (95%CI: 1.08–1.15) in women and 1.03 (95%CI: 0.99–1.06) in men, whereas the IV HR = 1.30 (95%CI: 1.19–1.42) in women and 1.15 (95%CI: 1.04–1.29) in men. Only conventional models showed indications of J-shaped associations. Our IV analyses suggest that there is a causal relationship between BMI and mortality that is positive at both high and low BMI values

Effect of Intensive Multifactorial Treatment Compared With Routine Care on Aortic Stiffness and Central Blood Pressure Among Individuals With Screen-Detected Type 2 Diabetes:The ADDITION-Denmark study

OBJECTIVE: Diabetes is associated with increased brachial and central blood pressure and aortic stiffness. We examined the effect of intensive multifactorial treatment in general practice on indices of peripheral and central hemodynamics among patients with screen-detected diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: As part of a population-based screening and intervention study in general practice, 1,533 Danes aged 40–69 years were clinically diagnosed with screen-detected diabetes. General practitioners were randomized to provide intensive multifactorial treatment or routine care. After a mean follow-up of 6.2 years, an unselected subsample of 456 patients underwent central hemodynamic assessments by applanation tonometry. Central pressure was derived from the radial pulse wave. Aortic stiffness was assessed as carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (aPWV). The intervention effect on each index of central hemodynamics was analyzed by mixed-effects models adjusted for heart rate, cluster randomization, age, and sex. RESULTS: At screening, median age was 59.2 years (interquartile range 55.2–64.6); 289 patients (63%) were in the intensive treatment group, and 278 patients (61%) were men. Patients in the intensive treatment group had a 0.51 m/s (95% CI −0.96 to −0.05, P = 0.03) lower aPWV compared with routine care. Respective differences for central augmentation index (−0.84% [−2.54 to 0.86]), pulse pressure (0.28 mmHg [−1.75 to 2.32]), and systolic (−1.42 mmHg [−4.47 to 1.64]) and diastolic (−1.79 mmHg [−3.72 to 0.14]) blood pressure were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Intensive multifactorial treatment of screen-detected diabetes during 6 years in general practice has a significant impact on aortic stiffness, whereas the effects on other hemodynamic measures are smaller and not statistically significant

Effect of a multimodal high intensity exercise intervention in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: randomised controlled trial

Objective To assess the effect of a multimodal group exercise intervention, as an adjunct to conventional care, on fatigue, physical capacity, general wellbeing, physical activity, and quality of life in patients with cancer who were undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy or treatment for advanced disease