Statistical mechanics of confined quantum particles

We develop statistical mechanics and thermodynamics of Bose and Fermi systems in relativistic harmonic oscillator (RHO) confining potential, which may be applicable in quark gluon plasma (QGP), astrophysics, Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC), condensed matter physics etc. Detailed study of QGP system is carried out and compared with lattice results. Further, as an application, our equation of state (EoS) of QGP is used to study compact stars like quark star.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figures, articl

Strongly Coupled Quark Gluon Plasma (SCQGP)

We propose that the reason for the non-ideal behavior seen in lattice simulation of quark gluon plasma (QGP) and relativistic heavy ion collisions (URHICs) experiments is that the QGP near T_c and above is strongly coupled plasma (SCP), i.e., strongly coupled quark gluon plasma (SCQGP). It is remarkable that the widely used equation of state (EoS) of SCP in QED (quantum electrodynamics) very nicely fits lattice results on all QGP systems, with proper modifications to include color degrees of freedom and running coupling constant. Results on pressure in pure gauge, 2-flavors and 3-flavors QGP, are all can be explained by treating QGP as SCQGP as demonstated here.Energy density and speed of sound are also presented for all three systems. We further extend the model to systems with finite quark mass and a reasonably good fit to lattice results are obtained for (2+1)-flavors and 4-flavors QGP. Hence it is the first unified model, namely SCQGP, to explain the non-ideal QGP seen in lattice simulations with just two system dependent parameters.Comment: Revised with corrections and new results, Latex file (11 pages), postscript file of 7 figure

The road to good spirits: perceived stress, self esteem and coping skills in patients with alcohol dependence

Background: Alcohol is the commonest psychoactive substance used by Indians. Stress and self-esteem issues may cause alcohol use as a coping mechanism. The purpose of this study was to analyze the severity of alcohol dependence, gauge levels of perceived stress and self-esteem and study coping skills in patients. It further examined the relations between sociodemographic variables of patients, their perceived stress, self esteem and coping skills as well as duration and severity of alcohol dependence.Methods: Cross-sectional study of 200 patients with alcohol use disorder recruited by complete enumeration technique was undertaken. They were administered a semi-structured questionnaire along with Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), Coping Inventory for Stressful situations (CISS-21) and Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire (SADQ). Associations and correlations were examined.Results: Almost half the patients had severe alcohol dependence. Less than one-fourth of the patients had low self esteem. There was a significant negative correlation between self esteem and severity of alcohol dependence as well as duration of alcohol use. Nearly half the patients had high perceived stress. There was a significant positive correlation between severity of alcohol dependence and perceived stress. Majority patients used task oriented coping skills. Patients of alcohol dependence having low self-esteem used predominantly avoidant-oriented coping skills.Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of thorough evaluation and screening in patients having alcohol dependence for self-esteem issues and perceived stress levels. Teaching effective coping skills, supportive psychotherapy and counselling can be effective. Multimodal treatment protocols will effectively lighten the stress caused by alcohol dependence

Ultrasound promoted stereoselective synthesis of 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran appended chalcones at ambient temperature

In the present investigation, an ultrasound promoted the synthesis of a series of (E)-3-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran 5-yl)-1-(aryl)prop-2-en-1-one derivatives from 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-carbaldehyde and various aromatic ketones under clean conditions. The application of ultrasound irradiation in organic reactions is one of the incredible tools of green chemistry as reactions can be carried out rapidly under neat conditions. A library of a novel (E)-3-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)-1-(aryl)prop-2-en-1-one chalcone derivatives were synthesized in good to excellent yield under ultrasonic irradiation. The structures of all synthesized chalcone derivatives synthesized in this study have been established by using FT-IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, and HRMS techniques. The stereochemistry around C=C in the chalcones was shown to be trans by 1H NMR(Jab= 15.5Hz). The benefits of the present synthesis include mild reaction conditions, high yield, purification by non-chromatographic strategy and short reaction times, demonstrating the significance of this protocol in terms of waste reduction and energy efficiency

Development and Evaluation of Cefadroxil Drug Loaded Biopolymeric Films Based on Chitosan-Furfural Schiff Base

Cefadroxil drug loaded biopolymeric films of chitosan-furfural schiff base were prepared by reacting chitosan with furfural in presence of acetic acid and perchloric acid respectively for the external use. Prepared films were evaluated for their strength, swelling index, thickness, drug content, uniformity, tensile strength, percent elongation, FTIR spectral analysis and SEM. The results of in vitro diffusion studies revealed that the films exhibited enhanced drug diffusion as compared to the films prepared using untreated chitosan. The films also demonstrated good to moderate antibacterial activities against selective gram positive and gram negative bacteria

Art and craft of episiotomy

Background: Episiotomy is the most common obstetric surgical procedure performed in labor room. Mediolateral and Midline episiotomies are the most common types. Post-delivery suture angle is the most important determinant factor which predicts the risk of anal sphincter injuries. Mediolateral episiotomy has a significantly lower risk of OASIS rate when compared to midline episiotomies. Aim of the study was to know whether mediolateral episiotomies are actually mediolateral and does the angle of episiotomy influences the risk of anal sphincter injuries, maternal/fetal complications in the perinatal period.Methods: An observational study was conducted on 250 postpartum patients admitted to our hospital. Details of episiotomy in relation to incision angle, length, depth and post suturing angle were noted within two days of delivery.Results: Among the subjects included there were 40.8 % incisions were RMLE, average length was 3.32cms, average suture angle is 28.69 degree. OASIS was seen in 19.5% cases more so with midline episiotomies.Conclusions: Episiotomy is an essential, must to know skill. Compulsory ssupervised clinical teaching and use of skill lab training can prevent potential detrimental consequences

The Standard Model on a D-brane

We present a consistent string theory model which reproduces the Standard Model, consisting of a D3-brane at a simple orbifold singularity. We study some simple features of the phenomenology of the model. We find that the scale of stringy physics must be in the multi-TeV range. There are natural hierarchies in the fermion spectrum and there are several possible experimental signatures of the model.Comment: 8 pages Latex, 1 fig. v2: discussion improved, added new reference

Stability analysis for grain yield and its components under different moisture regimes in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum)

The present study was undertaken to identify stable genotypes for grain yield and its components with resilient performance under water deficit and irrigated conditions in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The combined analysis of variance depicted significant g × e interaction mean squares for all the characters, except spike length and peduncle length. The highest pooled mean for grain yield/plant ranged from 4.98 to 7.05 g and the highest mean was exhibited by Raj 4037 (7.05 g) followed by PBW 373 (6.96 g), GW 273 and WR 544 (both 6.89 g) etc, respectively. For 1000 grain weight the genotypes, viz. DPW 621-50 (µ=36.67 g, b=1.01** and S2di=-0.54) followed by UP 2425 (µ=36.67 g, b=0.89** and S2di=-0.56) and Raj 4037(µ=36.50 g, b=0.95 and S2di=-0.58) showed stable performance across the environments. The genotypes namely, viz. WR 544, GW 273, DBW 39, HD 2987, Raj 3777, UP 2425, Raj 3765, PBW 343 and UP 2338 revealed consistent performance for high biomass and grain yield in water stress and as well as in irrigated conditions