Effect of milk diets on expression of tumor markers.

<p>Various tumor markers relevant to Pb-Prl (A) and KIMAP (B and C) models were assessed in DP following 27- or 15-week milk diets respectively, as compared to control (water) group. Proliferation index (Ki-67 staining, shown for both models), activated Stat5 (p-Stat5) and p63 expression (for Pb-Prl mice) and c-Fes expression (for KIMAP mice) were assessed from immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis (n = 6 per group; pictures show representative staining, scale stands for 50μm). For each marker (except c-Fes), IHC were quantified and the results are represented on adjacent bar histograms and are expressed as fold change <i>vs</i>. control (water) group. L, lumen of the glands. (C) q RT-PCR analysis of c-Fes, Ki-67 and Gprc6a mRNA expression in DP of KIMAP mice following 15-week milk diets. Results are expressed as fold change <i>vs</i>. control (water) group and are shown as means ± S.D. P values are represented <i>vs</i>. water control group (*). <i>nd</i>, for not determined.</p

Effect of milk diets on prostate tumor histopathology.

<p>Histological analysis of dorsal prostate in Pb-Prl (A) and KIMAP mice (B) after respectively 27- or 15-week milk diets, as compared to control (water) group. For each model, images are representative of the group (n = 10 mice per group). Sections were stained with haematoxylin/eosin (HE) and for both models, upper pictures correspond to images x4.3 magnification (scale stands for 500μm) and lower pictures correspond to images with higher magnification, x28 (scale stands for 50μm). L, lumen of the glands.</p

H&E staining of the duodenal biopsies of one patient treated with Olmesartan (patient 2) (A, B) and of one patient with AIE (patient 7) (C, D) showing subtotal villous atrophy (A, C: original magnification x 100) with glandular apoptosis (B, D: original magnification x200).

<p>H&E staining of the duodenal biopsies of one patient treated with Olmesartan (patient 2) (A, B) and of one patient with AIE (patient 7) (C, D) showing subtotal villous atrophy (A, C: original magnification x 100) with glandular apoptosis (B, D: original magnification x200).</p

Treatments.

<p>m: month. AZA: azathiopurin. 6MP: 6 mercaptopurin. clinical response (+ or-) / mucosal effect (+/-)</p><p>Treatments.</p

Phenotype of lamina propria intestinal lymphocytes.

<p>Phenotype of lamina propria intestinal lymphocytes.</p

Phenotype of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes.

<p>*: excess of CD4+ IEL with onset of CD4 lymphoma after two years treatment with azathioprine (Case published in Malamut et al, ClinGastHepatol 2014); flow cytometry analysis of AIE onset is not available.</p><p>Phenotype of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes.</p

Clinical and immune characteristics.

<p>*: detection of serum anti-goblet cells antibodies.</p><p>Ab: antibody. Anti-E: anti-enterocyte Ab. ANA: anti-nuclear Ab. BMI: Body Mass Index. Col: colon. Duod: duodenum. EMA: IgA anti-endomysium. IGA: IgA anti-gliadin. Lymphocytosis: number of intraepithelial lymphocytes for 100 epithelial cells. LC: lymphocytic colitis. LG: lymphocytic gastritis. Sto: stomach. tTG: IgA anti-transglutaminase. VA: villousatrophy. TVA: total villousatrophy. ST VA: sub-totalvillousatrophy. PVA: partial villousatrophy. y: years. Noserum anti-tTG IgG or antigliadin IgG was found. No IgA anti-endomysium was found.</p><p>Clinical and immune characteristics.</p